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第一篇：英語(yǔ)國(guó)家概況復(fù)習(xí)題及參考答案

《英語(yǔ)國(guó)家概況》復(fù)習(xí)題及參考答案

一 Multiple choice(30’)

()1As a result of the Black Death, much land was left untended and there was a terrible shortage of ___ in England.AgrainBfarm toolsChousesDlabor

()2In the late 17th century, two of most famous literary works were Pilgrim’s Progress and _________.Athe Jew of MaltaBthe School of Archery

CNovum OrganumDParadise Lost

()3.In 1836, a group of skilled workers and _____ formed the London Working Men’s Association.AhouseholdersBtenantsCsmall shopkeepersDoffice workers

()4.In the Industrial Revolution, changes occurred earliest and quickest in the industry of ______.A.potteryBhardwareCtextilesDchemicals

()5.In Britain police officers are not allowed to join ________ or to go on strike.Aa choirBa political partyCa trade unionDa club

()6The Great Carter of 1215 is also known as _________.APeople’s CharterB Magna Carta

CKing’s CharterDthe Declaration of human rights

()7Henry Ⅱ was the first king of the ________ dynasty.AMalcolmB PlantagenetCWindsorDTudor

()8.__________ is the most typically English of sports

ACricketBGolfCTennisDHorse-racing

()9.By the Treaty of ______ of 1842, China ceded _______ to Britain.ANanjing, Hong KongBTianjing, Hong Kong

CNanjing, MacauDTianjing, Macau

()10.In _______, the name Great Britain came into being.A1689B1702C1701D1707

()11.The serious economic crisis in the late 1920s and the beginning of 1930s was first brought about by ___.Athe farm failureBthe bank failures

C the stock market crashDthe high unemployment

()12． What are the problems that the U.S.economy has faced from time to time?

AInflationB DepressionsCRecessionsDall of the above

()13．The real American literature began________.Aafter the war of IndependenceBafter the Westward Movement

Cafter the Civil WarDafter the Civil Rights Movement

()14.In 1900, the United States ranked first in the production of ____.AcoalBelectricityC oilDwheat

()15.In the United States, if the parents don’t send their children to school at certain age, ________.Athe state government will be responsible for it

Bthey will educate the children themselves

Cthey can save a lot of moneyDthey are breaking the law

()16.The U.S.and China established their diplomatic relations in _____.A1974B1972C1978D1979

()17In his inaugural speech, ______ said that “the only thing we have to fear is fear itself.”

AWoodrow WilsonBTheodore Roosevelt

CFranklin D.RooseveltDGeorge Washington

()18.One of the characteristics of the American people is _______ and it is said they are always ______.Aliberty, debatingBaggressiveness, starting wars

Cmobility, on the moveDgreediness, making money

()19.Hemingway’s most famous masterpiece was ______.AThe Sun Also RisesBA Farewell to Arms

CFor Whom the Bell TollsDOld Man and the Sea

()20.The system of higher education in the U.S.has three principle functions except ____-.AteachingBresearchCpublic serviceD individual service

following statements are T(true)or F(false)according to what you have learned.(10’)

()1 There are three political divisions on the island of Great Britain: Scotland, Wales and England.()2 Under William’s rule, the freeman were at the bottom of the feudal system.()3 The English Civil War is also called the Glorious Revolution.()4 In U.K, a Parliament has a maximum duration of 4 years.()5 Christmas Day, December 25th, celebrates the birth of Christ, and is the greatest of Christian festivals.()6 Chicago is known as the automobile capital of the world.()7 Between 1850 and1880, many early Chinese immigrants to the United States worked in the mining industry, especially in the gold mines.()8 The Pilgrims built a colony named Plymouth after they arrived in America.()9.The longest war that the United States has fought is the Civil War.()10.Higher education in the U.S consists of six types of institutions.三Fill in the following blanks:(10’)In 1066, England was conquered by the _____________ who were led by William the Conqueror.2 The greatest writer in the English language is ____________________.In criminal trials in Britain, the issue of guilt or innocence is to be decided by the ________ while sentence is to be passed by the _______________.The dominant broadcasting corporation in Britain is ____________, which is controlled by the state.The most famous leader of the American Civil Rights movement in the 1960s was ______________________.The U.S.system of government has two layers of rule.They are the ___________ government and the ______ government.7.The National Day of the United States is ______.Between 1946 and 1961, more than 63 million babies were born in the United States, who were known as the ______________ generation.四 Give a one-sentence answer to each of the following questions.(30’)What is the official name of Britain?What were the main causes of the Hundred Years’ War?What are the primary sources of British law?How was the 1920s in the United States described by many historians?What is the meaning of the “Lost Generation”?

6.What were the two guiding principles underlying America diplomatic activities in World War Two?

7.What are the three periods as far as the evolution the British economy since the Second World War is concerned?

8.What kind of economic system does the United States have?

9.Why is education very important to Americans?

10.What does the British Parliament consist of?

五 Explain each of the following terms in English.(10’)Thanksgiving Daythe Civil Rights Act of 1964

六 Write between 100-120 words on EITHER of the following topics.(10’)

1.What is Thatcherism and what are the major components of Thatcherism?

2.In what sense was the War of 1812 important to the development of the United States?

參考答案

一 1 DDCCC6 BBAAD 11 CDAAD 16 DCCDD

二 1 TFFFT6 FTTFT

三 1 Norman2 Shakespeare3 juryjudge4 BBC5 Martin Luther KingFederalState74, July8 baby boom

四The official name of Britain is the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Nortain Ireland.Tthe main causes of the Hundred Years’ War were partly territorial and partly economic.The primary sources of British law are:(1)Statutes of Parliament;(2)common law;(3)equity law;(4)European Community law.The 1920s in the United States has been described by many historians as a period of material success and spiritual frustration or confusion and purposelessness.The “Lost Generation refers to those who are both physically and spiritually impotent.The first was to win the war;the second was to establish a postwar political structure in accord with American interests and to prevent the Soviet Union from over-expansion.(1)Steady development in the 50s and 60s;

(2)Economic recession in the 70s;

(3)Economic recovery in the 80s.The United state has a free-market economy with a dominant private sector.9.Because it contributes to developing the national strength and personal success.The British Parliament consists of the Sovereign, the House of Lords and the House of Commons.五Thanksgiving Day is a typical American holiday.It is an annual day of thanks for the blessings people have enjoyed during the year.The theme of thanksgiving has been peace and plenty, health and happiness.The Civil Rights Act of 1964It was signed into law by President Jonson in 1964.It outlawed discrimination not only in public housing, but also in employment on the basis of race, color, religion, sex, or national origin.六

1：The election of 1979 returned the Conservative Party to power and Margaret Thatcher became the first woman prime minister in Britain.Her policies are popularly referred to as Thatcherism.It included:

(1)the return to private ownership of state-owned industries;

(2)the use of monetarist polices to control inflation;

(3)the weakening of trade union;

(4)the strengthening of the role market forces in the economy;

(5)an emphasis on law and order.The war, however, had great impact on the development of the United States.（1）The war made people realize the importance of a strong national government.（2）The war strengthened the feeling of national unity and patriotism.（3）For almost 10 years after the war, the Americans turned their attention to the development of the western part of the continent.（4）It made both Britain and Unites States realize that their disputes should be solve through negotiation..Please write any three of the 13 colonies the British established along the east coast of North America between 1607 and 1733.

第二篇：德語(yǔ)國(guó)家文化概況復(fù)習(xí)題

判斷正誤

1.“四七社”的精神領(lǐng)袖是格拉斯。2.《法學(xué)總論》、《法學(xué)匯編》和《新敕令》三部法典與《查士丁尼法典》合稱《羅馬法》。

3.1054 年,東部教會(huì)宣布脫離羅馬教廷,史稱“東西教會(huì)大分裂”。4.17 世紀(jì),巴洛克文化席卷歐洲,文學(xué)藝術(shù)中產(chǎn)生了古典主義。

5.17世紀(jì)藝術(shù)家們把古典文化奉為圭臬，希臘、羅馬的造型藝術(shù)、詩(shī)學(xué)、戲劇成為藝術(shù)創(chuàng)作的范本, 其影響之深,乃至引起了著名的 “古今之爭(zhēng)”。

6.1848年的民族統(tǒng)一運(yùn)動(dòng)直接威脅到德意志各邦國(guó)統(tǒng)治者的利益,遭到他們聯(lián)手鎮(zhèn)壓。奧地利首相梅特涅在各邦君主的支持下,通過(guò)了“ 卡爾斯巴德決議”,以撲滅大學(xué)生運(yùn)動(dòng),限制民眾的政治活動(dòng)。

7.1918年11 月7 日,慕尼黑爆發(fā)革命,革命蔓延到柏林,威廉一世眾叛親離,不得不倉(cāng)惶出逃荷蘭,在歐洲歷史上叱咤風(fēng)云兩個(gè)多世紀(jì)的霍亨佐倫王朝宣告覆滅。8.1919 年6 月28 日,德國(guó)代表團(tuán)經(jīng)過(guò)長(zhǎng)時(shí)間的談判,終于在巴黎郊外簽署著名的《凡爾賽條約》。

9.1939 年二戰(zhàn)爆發(fā)前夕,希特勒提出:一旦發(fā)生戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng),就要徹底消滅歐洲的猶太人,即所謂“最終解決”。

10.1945 年以后,就有一大批相當(dāng)出色的瑞士和奧地利德語(yǔ)作家在德語(yǔ)文學(xué)界占據(jù)了重要地位,例如瑞士作家馬克斯·弗里施和弗里德利希·迪倫馬特和奧地利作家托馬斯·貝恩哈特、著名的奧地利女詩(shī)人英格博格·巴赫曼，以及當(dāng)代最惹人爭(zhēng)議的奧地利作家彼得·漢特克等。

11.1949 年,布萊希特形象地提出了“砍光伐盡”的文學(xué)主張。12.1970 年12 月7 日,聯(lián)邦德國(guó)總理威利·勃蘭特在華沙向華沙無(wú)名烈士們和華沙隔都死難者紀(jì)念碑獻(xiàn)花圈時(shí),突然跪倒在地,代表德意志民族和國(guó)家向華沙死難者認(rèn)罪。

13.1989 年12 月,在萊比錫傳統(tǒng)的星期一游行中,“我們是一個(gè)民族”的口號(hào)取代了“我們才是人民”。

14.1990 年12 月,分裂多年的德國(guó)終于實(shí)現(xiàn)了統(tǒng)一。

15.1996 年春,人稱“統(tǒng)一總理”的科爾大膽提出“ 一攬子節(jié)約措施”以節(jié)約開支,增加就業(yè)機(jī)會(huì)。

16.存在主義的主要著作是海德格爾的《存在與虛無(wú)》。17.存在主義哲學(xué)是馬丁·海德格爾和卡爾·雅斯貝斯在兩次大戰(zhàn)之間創(chuàng)立的，后來(lái)在法國(guó)得到了進(jìn)一步的發(fā)展,其思想淵源可追溯到19 世紀(jì)和20 世紀(jì)初歐洲的反理性主義思潮。

18.丹麥哲學(xué)家克爾愷郭爾和德國(guó)哲學(xué)家叔本華是存在主義的主要思想先驅(qū)。19.當(dāng)

日耳曼人固有的文化。

22.德國(guó)早期啟蒙運(yùn)動(dòng)的哲學(xué)代表是黑格爾，他堪稱名副其實(shí)的“ 通才”。

23.德語(yǔ)在公元8 世紀(jì)發(fā)生了

45.進(jìn)入創(chuàng)作成熟期的詩(shī)人歌德、席勒重新皈依古典傳統(tǒng)。

46.就其特點(diǎn)而言，希臘文化更關(guān)注文化、藝術(shù)、哲學(xué)、宗教等精神領(lǐng)域里的活動(dòng)，并在這些領(lǐng)域里取得了足以影響整個(gè)西方世界的輝煌成就，現(xiàn)代西方世界的哲學(xué)、藝術(shù)、詩(shī)學(xué)都是從這里汲取靈感和養(yǎng)料。

47.卡爾四世于1347～1378 年間就任德國(guó)皇帝，在海德堡建立了德國(guó)歷史上

式”，即史詩(shī)、戲劇和詩(shī)歌。

69.在政治和法律領(lǐng)域，希臘人首創(chuàng)了“法律下之自由”的概念，并且在當(dāng)時(shí)的社會(huì)做了實(shí)驗(yàn)。

概念解釋：

“九十五條論綱” “四D”計(jì)劃 “帝國(guó)理念” 《西方的衰落》 1914年理念 水晶之夜

包豪斯 柏林墻 狂飆突進(jìn) 荷馬史詩(shī) 國(guó)會(huì)縱火案 四D計(jì)劃 啟蒙運(yùn)動(dòng) 中世紀(jì)行會(huì)制度 十字軍東征 大德意志方案與小德意志方案