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第一篇：中美家庭教育的特點(diǎn)

中美家庭教育的特點(diǎn)

家長與孩子交流非常重要，其實(shí)父母與子女的交流更多的是非語言的，家長的言談舉止，思想觀念，行為習(xí)慣無一不在言教之中，無形影響，構(gòu)成對(duì)孩子最直接最深刻的教育。下面和小編一起來看中美家庭教育的特點(diǎn)，希望有所幫助！

一、美國家庭教育的特點(diǎn)

1、注重培養(yǎng)平等意識(shí)。

在美國，大人跟孩子談話永遠(yuǎn)是蹲下來同孩子臉對(duì)臉、目光對(duì)視著，體現(xiàn)了家長對(duì)孩子的尊重，有利于培養(yǎng)孩子自尊自信。孩子有自由選擇的權(quán)利，父母負(fù)責(zé)引導(dǎo)、幫助分析，但最終的選擇權(quán)在孩子手里。美國人在日常生活中充分提供孩子參加和表現(xiàn)的機(jī)會(huì)，無論結(jié)果怎么樣，總是給予認(rèn)可和贊許。在這樣寬松的環(huán)境里成長起來的孩子開朗活潑、勇于創(chuàng)新、充滿自信。

美國家庭各式各樣的玩具和兒童讀物放在令孩子能拿到的地方，墻上門上貼滿孩子們的“美術(shù)作品”，父母很少強(qiáng)求孩子的言行，孩子們像伙伴似地稱呼長輩的名字是很自然的`事。

2、注重培養(yǎng)動(dòng)手能力。

父母很重視孩子的創(chuàng)造能力，他們會(huì)有意識(shí)的為孩子提供環(huán)境和條件進(jìn)行勞動(dòng)訓(xùn)練，加強(qiáng)他們的動(dòng)手能力。美國父母認(rèn)為勞動(dòng)能給孩子帶來很多好處，比如：勞動(dòng)可以培養(yǎng)孩子的獨(dú)立性；勞動(dòng)能促進(jìn)手腦并用，促進(jìn)智力發(fā)育；勞動(dòng)能促進(jìn)身體健康、增強(qiáng)體質(zhì)；勞動(dòng)能促進(jìn)良好的個(gè)性品質(zhì)的形成。

美國父母看見孩子在墻上亂畫，用嘴咬玩具，拿剪刀在書本衣服等物品上亂剪亂畫，不是痛惜某件東西被孩子損壞了，而是會(huì)感到高興，然后耐心地告訴孩子一些操作上的技巧和知識(shí)。因?yàn)樗麄冋J(rèn)為這是孩子學(xué)會(huì)了某種技能。

3、注重培養(yǎng)獨(dú)立能力。

在美國，絕大多數(shù)18歲以上的青年，都是靠自己掙錢來讀書。家長普遍支持自己的孩子通過打工、做兼職等來鍛煉其獨(dú)立生活的能力。孩子從小睡小床，稍大后單獨(dú)一間，從沒聽說過孩子與父母睡在一起。

在孩子打理日常事務(wù)上，父母只幫孩子做一些當(dāng)時(shí)年齡還無法做到的事，凡孩子自己力所能及的事都盡量由孩子自己去完成。

4、注重培養(yǎng)創(chuàng)造能力。

美國人不會(huì)讓孩子死記硬背大量的公式和定理，而是煞費(fèi)苦心地告訴孩子們應(yīng)怎樣去思考問題，教給孩子們面對(duì)陌生領(lǐng)域?qū)ふ掖鸢傅姆椒āＫ麄冋J(rèn)為對(duì)人的創(chuàng)造能力來說，有兩個(gè)東西比死記硬背更重要：一個(gè)是要知道到哪里去尋找所需要的；一個(gè)是綜合使用這些知識(shí)進(jìn)行新的創(chuàng)造的能力。

美國小學(xué)在課堂上對(duì)孩子從不進(jìn)行大量的知識(shí)灌輸，而是想方設(shè)法把孩子的眼光引向校園外那個(gè)無邊無際的知識(shí)海洋；他們從不用考試把學(xué)生分成三六九等，而是竭盡全力肯定孩子的一切努力，去贊揚(yáng)孩子們通過思考得出的一切結(jié)論，去保護(hù)和激勵(lì)孩子們所有的創(chuàng)造欲望和嘗試。

二、中國家庭教育的特點(diǎn)

1、功利性。

這是中國家庭教育的基本特征，教育以家庭利益為主要價(jià)值取向。“光宗耀祖”“光耀門第”是讀書人的追求與目標(biāo)，望子成龍是家長的最終目的，個(gè)人利益與家庭利益緊密地融為一體。這種具有功利性的教育目標(biāo)，其期望值之高，功利性之強(qiáng)，并不是全體國民所能承受的。要想每一個(gè)子女都能實(shí)現(xiàn)有出息、好職業(yè)、一生順境的興家之目的，談何容易！出于這個(gè)目的，中國父母特別關(guān)心孩子的學(xué)業(yè)成績，對(duì)孩子的唯一要求就是靜心地坐下來讀書學(xué)藝，從而忽視孩子的天分，限制了他們的創(chuàng)造力，結(jié)果為了培養(yǎng)所謂的“人才”反而扼殺了天才，導(dǎo)致“有心栽花花不發(fā)”的負(fù)面效應(yīng)。

由于在孩子接受教育的整個(gè)成長過程中，很少考慮其性格、社會(huì)適應(yīng)能力、公民道德意識(shí)等問題，即使學(xué)業(yè)成績再好，將來也未必能順利地立足社會(huì)，相反往往使父母期望值完全落空。

2、重養(yǎng)輕教，重物質(zhì)輕精神。

現(xiàn)在不少父母僅關(guān)注孩子的衣食住行，忽略孩子內(nèi)心世界，容易出現(xiàn)心理問題和品德問題。

家長的溺愛造成孩子個(gè)性缺陷。剝奪了孩子對(duì)人生的正常體驗(yàn)，孩子失去了生存能力；而家長對(duì)孩子學(xué)習(xí)上過高的期望又造成他們過重的精神壓力，這種教育十分的不合理，缺乏科學(xué)性。

3、把孩子當(dāng)作私有財(cái)產(chǎn)。

中國家長愛孩子，更愛面子，家長喜歡拿孩子作為自己炫耀的資本，滿足虛榮心，給自己掙面子。他們理所當(dāng)然的認(rèn)為孩子是他們的，他們就有權(quán)利支配孩子的行為，而當(dāng)孩子違背他們的命令時(shí)，有的家長就會(huì)使用“威嚴(yán)”的家庭暴力，卻不知道他們的行為是違法的，他們堅(jiān)信“棍棒底下出孝子”“不打不成才”的“教育理念”。

4、缺乏學(xué)習(xí)和家庭教育的氛圍。

家長的教育觀念方法過于陳舊，缺乏正確的教育方式，既不學(xué)習(xí)教育知識(shí)，也不借簽他人經(jīng)驗(yàn)，教育結(jié)果一定不好，只會(huì)用打罵的方式對(duì)待孩子，結(jié)果造成家庭教育氣氛緊張，缺少親情。家長與孩子交流非常重要，其實(shí)父母與子女的交流更多的是非語言的，家長的言談舉止，思想觀念，行為習(xí)慣無一不在言教之中，無形影響，構(gòu)成對(duì)孩子最直接最深刻的教育。

第二篇：中美家庭教育英語論文英語版

Comparison between

Chinese and American Family Education

Abstract Family education is related to a person's life.Nowadays, social development needs high qualified talents and good family education is the key point to the high qualified talents.Because of the different social systems, culture backgrounds, education aims and so on, family education for the children are different in many aspects between China and America.This article will compare Chinese with American families in differences in educational aims, content and teaching method, what's more, analyze some reasons for these differences.Key words: children, parents, family education，Chinese ,American

1.Introduction

Geert Hofstede, a master engaging in cultural studies, defines the word “culture” as “collective mental programming” possessed by people in the same environment.This program differs since people have different ways of thinking which derive from diverse educational background and work.From this, the significance of education in cultural differences can be seen.In additions, children are the hope of nation and “family education” is the earliest lesson children took.So it’s important to compare our family education with others and develop it.2.Main different of family education

First, there exists great difference in educational conception and purpose between Chinese and American families.Chinese parents produce a great impact on children’s future.They often design a future for children, no matter they like it or not.The largest parental expectation to children is that they work hard and try to be promising.And parents would like to spare their no efforts to provide children with a more favorable growing environment——for they believe that everything they've done deserves if children get a better future.And during this process of giving, “good marks” are gradually considered as the only mission and goal on the path of development.At the same time, they ignore their children’s extraordinary abilities, damage their imaginations.Nevertheless, the largest expectation of American parents is to encourage their children to be a social man.“Social man” is not a utopia idea, but a requirement which is practical and easy to achieve.They pay much attention to train their children’s independent ability.They provide children with more freedom, inspiring them to develop through experience.American children take part-time job during their spare time.For example, they do house cleaning;send newspapers to make money for the cost of living.Second, their teaching method diverges a lot.The method in China is often no more than the mode of “Teaching by holding his hand”.Parents prefer to directly telling children the results, rather than show the process.Over time, they will suffer from psychological dependence, ignoring the importance of self-exploration.And that's why most Chinese students lack of creativity.What’s more, Chinese parents pay more attention to class lessons than learning in life.we can find the following scenes easily: Parents take their children to various kinds of lessons after school.On the contrary, American parents pay attention to practical training, emphasis on training children in practice instead of preaching.Parents always let children do what they want and like to do.And it is this kind of method that cultivate their autonomous learning and spirit of innovation.Besides, in American, children take part in all kinds of activities;do a lot of outdoor exercises.There are a lot of good places for them to do exercises.In the process of playing, the children develop their intelligence, such as imagination, judgments, communication with other people and emotion adjusting and so on..But, undeniably, American indulgent type of family education also has harmful affections.Over indulgent education made a lot of social problems, such as, teenage crime.Third, the content of education also accounts for the difference.The differences of family education between the two countries are also reflected in the contents of family education.Although the contents of Chinese family education can also divided into moral education, intellectual education, physical education and artistic education, but intellectual education has been the most important one since they go to school.However, the contents of American family education are abundant, which pay more attention to the harmonious development of language, emotion, knowledge and so on.It is so-called “education for all-around development”.3.The reasons for the differences mentioned above: Reasons results in these differences are as followings.Firstly, China and America have different traditional culture.China, with a long history, has a sort of cohesive and conservative sense.By contraries, America is a nation of immigrants’ culture, in which people like accept new ideas.Secondly, different economic form and social conditions led to the different.American parents think a useful person is better than others.They see educating child to be an independent, conscientious and kindhearted person as their duties.Conclusion

These above are the analysis on differences between Chinese and American family education.There is no point saying which kind of education is superior.Every child grows up under his parents’ family education, what kind a person will be, depends on what kind of family education he received.Children’s character and destiny have great relationship with family education and children’s education determines nation's prospect.We would improve ourselves continuously only if we could find out our weaknesses in this comparison and learn from the best.References:

《The Aims of Education same areas of controversy 》 薛連

《美國家庭教育啟示錄》

李盈 《論中美家庭教育的差異》

曾芝

《中美家庭教育差異-英文版》 新浪博客

作者：王路（200900210072）

環(huán)境科學(xué)與工程學(xué)院

環(huán)境工程2009級(jí)