千文網(wǎng)小編為你整理了多篇相關(guān)的《南京夫子廟導(dǎo)游詞(范文五篇)》，但愿對你工作學(xué)習(xí)有幫助，當(dāng)然你在千文網(wǎng)還可以找到更多《南京夫子廟導(dǎo)游詞(范文五篇)》。
第一篇：南京夫子廟導(dǎo)游詞
夫子廟是一組規(guī)模宏大的古建筑群，歷經(jīng)滄桑，幾番興廢，是供奉和祭祀孔子的地方，*四大文廟之一，被譽為秦淮名勝而成為古都南京的特*景觀區(qū)，也是蜚聲中外的旅游勝地，是*最大的傳統(tǒng)古街市。夫子廟不僅是明清時期南京的文教中心，同時也是居?xùn)|南各省之冠的文教建筑群。下面是小編帶來的南京夫子廟導(dǎo)游詞，僅供大家參考。
各位游客：現(xiàn)在我們來到了秦淮河畔，河中的畫防都是仿照明代建筑風(fēng)格制造的，船頭掛有大紅*球和紅燈籠。每當(dāng)元宵節(jié)南京人習(xí)慣來這里游玩賞燈。這種風(fēng)氣在明代就已盛行，據(jù)說明朝建都后，朱元津微服巡察京城。當(dāng)他來到秦淮河畔，看到兩岸綠樹成蔭，河水清澈，亭臺樓*，風(fēng)景宜人，隨口說了句：“惜河中缺游船。”皇帝開了金口，左右就連夜差人趕造畫舫，以博取皇帝歡心。從此，秦淮畫訪成了這里的一大特*。尤其到了中秋佳節(jié)時分，更是河上水燈萬盞齊放，兩岸龍燈飛舞，歌聲、鼓聲、歡聲、笑聲，連綿不絕，通宵達旦，真可謂“秦淮燈火*天下”。難怪南京有“家家走橋，人人看燈”的民諺。
我們眼前的這段秦淮河，自宋以后就成了夫子廟（孔廟）成泮池，又稱月牙他。古時候皇帝講學(xué)的學(xué)宮叫辟雍，諸侯講學(xué)成學(xué)宮叫泮宮，夫子廟的學(xué)宮相當(dāng)于諸侯講學(xué)的地方，所以這池稱“泮池”。泮池上一般建有三座石橋，按等級而論，縣官、學(xué)官走中間一座，秀才走兩邊的橋。相傳古時候有位秀才誤上中橋，有犯上作亂之罪，進退兩難，只好自己跳進了泮池。
再請各位看河對岸的一段朱紅*石磚墻，這就是夫子廟的照壁。照壁建于明萬歷三年（歷澤年），長達110米，為全們照壁之冠。各位游客：這座夫子廟始建于東晉成帝咸康三年（337年），當(dāng)時成帝采納了王導(dǎo)的建議：“治國以培育人才為重”，決定立大學(xué)于秦淮河畔。原來只建有學(xué)宮，孔廟是宋仁宗景拍元年（1034年）在學(xué)富基礎(chǔ)上擴建而成的。所以夫子廟是一個由文教中心演變而成的繁華鬧市，它包括夫子廟、學(xué)宮和貢院三大主要建筑群，其范圍南臨秦淮河北岸，北抵建康路東端，東起姚家巷，西止四福巷，規(guī)模龐大。夫子廟雖屢遭破壞，但各代都加以興修擴建，到清末民初，其樓*、殿宇的結(jié)構(gòu)和布局堪稱東南之冠。現(xiàn)在的夫子廟建筑，部分是清代末年重建的，一部分是近幾年重建的。請大家回頭看，這座樓*式建筑，叫做奎星*，它初建于清乾隆年間。這座臨街傍水的建筑曾兩次被毀，1985年重建。
現(xiàn)在我們來到了清代就開辟的廟前廣場，廣場東西兩端豎有兩塊碑，高有一丈許，上面刻有滿漢兩種文字“文武大臣至此下馬”，表示對圣人孔子的崇敬。左側(cè)的這座六角重檐亭子叫“聚星亭”，“聚星”取群星集中，人才薈萃之意。建于明萬歷十四年（1586年），也曾幾經(jīng)興廢，到清同治八年（1869年）才由*寧鄉(xiāng)賢朱芙峰等人籌資重建。這是一座在日**火中惟一幸存的清代建筑，可惜在1968年被當(dāng)作“四舊”拆除，1983年又得以重建，恢復(fù)了原來的風(fēng)貌。廣場正中的這座牌坊，叫“天下文樞坊”。請大家繼續(xù)隨我往前走。這座門叫欞星門，這是孔廟的廟門。據(jù)傳榻星是天上主管教化的星宿，他得人方便高興。門是石結(jié)構(gòu)的，六柱三門，建于明成化十六年（1480年），后來被毀，又于清同治九年（1870年）重建。不過，現(xiàn)在所見到的極星門是1983年再次重建的。極星門東西兩側(cè)便是東市、西市。
“朱雀橋邊野草花，烏衣巷口夕陽斜……”這是我小時候?qū)Ψ蜃訌R的第一認識。
不看不知道，一看嚇一跳。如果你是一名旅游愛好者，曾經(jīng)來過南京，但是沒有去過夫子廟，那真是等于白來了！
夫子廟是南京的著名景點，歷史悠久。夫子廟靠著秦淮河，秦淮河是南京的母親河，就像*的長*與黃河一樣。秦淮河上碧波蕩漾，波光粼粼，水里不時躍出來可愛的小魚，坐在夫子廟的畫舫上看風(fēng)景，別有一番滋味。
看夫子廟，一定要在晚上來。這時夫子廟燈火通明，霓虹燈五光十*，把城市的上空找的宛如發(fā)生了極光一般，十分華麗，此時此刻，人們也不顧著夜晚的疲憊，都來夫子廟閑逛。餓了？哈哈，沒問題！folloeme！鴨血粉絲湯，雞汁湯包，羊肉串，不夠再去kfc！麥當(dāng)勞也有！還有南京的臭豆腐等經(jīng)典小吃……對了！還有鹽水鴨！鹽水鴨可是南京的特產(chǎn)！歡迎品嘗！鹽水鴨的其中一種叫桂花鴨，在鹽水鴨的層次上精益求精，含著桂花的清香。夫子廟當(dāng)人不是“二號獅子橋”光是吃，也有許多時尚的商鋪任你逛。當(dāng)然，你的眼球也是不會閑著的，夫子廟是很久以前的一個古建筑，蘊含著老南京風(fēng)味，那墻壁上的精雕細刻，屋頂?shù)慕k麗國花紋，美不勝收。還有，那夜晚的秦淮河也更是美麗，那清澈的水面倒映著繁星點點的夜空，綠樹，建筑，還有那五顏六*的燈光，把秦淮河照的五*繽紛。
到了元宵節(jié)，夫子廟更是人山人海，大街小巷里都有賣花燈的小店，有可愛的兔子燈，古老的走馬燈、孔明燈。除了花燈，在元宵節(jié)那幾天里，夫子廟里還有許多的元宵店。元宵有大有小，大的里面有芝麻，小的泡糖水，都十分好吃。
我們相信，不僅視夫子廟，更是南京，這個歷史悠久的城市，未來會更加美好！
各位朋友，大家好！歡迎光臨南京夫子廟。夫子廟地處城南秦淮河畔，地理位置優(yōu)越，交通十分方便，是南京人引以為自豪的歷史遺跡和旅游景點，是新興的文化、商業(yè)、游覽中心和廟市合一的繁華之地。
夫子廟，又叫孔廟、文廟，是祭祀我國著名的大教育家、思想家孔子的地方?？鬃釉诠糯蝗藗冏鸱Q為孔夫子，故其廟宇俗稱“夫子廟”。由于儒學(xué)的正統(tǒng)地位，它的創(chuàng)始人孔子備受封建社會歷朝歷代的統(tǒng)治者和士子們的尊崇，祀奉他的孔廟遍布全國各地，有的地方還不只一個。夫子廟作為封建士子崇拜的場所，大多與教育設(shè)施（如學(xué)宮、貢院等）布置在一起，即所謂的廟附于學(xué)，一般是在學(xué)宮的前面或一側(cè)。
歷史上，南京城區(qū)的夫子廟曾有三處，一處在今市*大院內(nèi)，另一處在朝天宮。現(xiàn)在我們要參觀、游覽的，是第三處，也是最有名氣的一處。它是宋景佑元年（1034年）從朝天宮遷來的，初為建康府學(xué)，元為集慶路學(xué)，明初為國學(xué)，后為應(yīng)天府學(xué)，清遷出府學(xué)，改為*寧、上元兩縣學(xué)。咸豐年間毀于兵火，同治年間（1869年）重建，抗戰(zhàn)中為日*焚毀?，F(xiàn)存夫子廟為80年代初重建。它采用前廟后學(xué)，孔廟在前，學(xué)宮在后，后來設(shè)立的貢院被布置在學(xué)宮的左側(cè)。因此，南京夫子廟比較完整的格局包括三部分，即孔廟、學(xué)宮、貢院。以大成殿為中心的南北中軸線及兩側(cè)的主要建筑和以明遠樓為中心的*南貢院陳列館成為夫子廟地區(qū)最主要的旅游觀光點。
夫子廟地區(qū)由于悠久的歷史、方便的水上交通，使其在夫子廟出現(xiàn)之前，就已成為古代南京比較有名的“佳麗地”和名士聚居地，因此除了以上所述主要景點外，還有吳敬梓故居、古桃葉渡、萃苑、百年老店一條街、文德橋、王謝故居、烏衣巷、媚香樓等景點。
現(xiàn)在我們已站在夫子廟中軸線的起點部分—夫子廟廣場。環(huán)顧四周，南有泮池、照壁、木坊，東西兩側(cè)有聚星亭、魁光*及商業(yè)區(qū)，北有中軸線上主要建筑大成殿和分布于孔廟東西兩側(cè)的東、西二市，形成了夫子廟地區(qū)區(qū)別于其他城市孔廟的獨特氛圍，即歷史上形成的廟市合一的格局。
請看廣場前的這一條河，它叫秦淮河，是南京*的母親河，全長110公里，孕育了早期的南京文明。流經(jīng)廣場的這一段是內(nèi)秦淮河的一部分，建廟時被改造為泮池，因曲阜孔廟泮水流過而得名。南岸的一堵紅墻，是建于明萬歷（1575年）年間的大照壁，長達110米，氣勢磅礴，為全國照壁之最。照壁起遮蔽和裝飾作用，是整個夫子廟建筑群的開始。泮池北岸石欄則為明正德（1514年）年間所建，是歷經(jīng)了滄桑變遷之后，成為夫子廟建筑群中唯一保存最好的古代建筑小品，抗戰(zhàn)前曾加以修整。游人至此，憑欄小憩，觀覽秦淮秀*，心曠神怡。
泮池西側(cè)的文德橋現(xiàn)為漢白玉橋。因儒家提倡文章道德而得名。因為橋向與子午線方向一致，所以每逢農(nóng)歷11月15日子時左右，皓月當(dāng)空，憑欄俯視，在橋的兩邊分別可看到橋影將河中明月分成兩個半月，被稱為“文德分月”。吳敬梓在《儒林外史》一書中就有記述，如果您有機會的話，不妨在農(nóng)歷11月15日來文德橋邊看一看。
文德橋南烏衣巷口的一組徽派建筑群，為“王謝古居”。作為東晉豪族王謝兩大家族聚居區(qū)，影響比較大，尤其是唐劉禹錫名作《烏衣巷》的詩句，使烏衣巷、王謝舊居變得非常有名，現(xiàn)為“南京六朝歷史文化陳列館?！贝蠹矣袝r間可以進去參觀參觀。
現(xiàn)在我們看石欄北側(cè)是新復(fù)建的天下文樞坊，表明此處為天下文化中心。三門四柱，頗為壯觀。在古代，它與后面的欞星門對應(yīng)，用于帝王出巡朝圣祀孔，中間高門坊是皇帝幸臨的御道，左右供郡親王出入，一般的官員臣民不能通行，因而平時都用木柵欄封閉起來。
廟前廣場西側(cè)的聚星亭，六角飛檐、古樸大方，外表看雙重飛檐翹角，貌似兩層結(jié)構(gòu)，其實只有一層，亭名取群星聚集、人才薈萃之意。再請看東邊，臨水而立的小院子是魁光*，*內(nèi)的魁星亭，三層六面，下臨秦淮，景致獨特。古有“奎主文章”之說?？羌纯牵俏倪\興旺之兆，是科舉時代的考試奪魁的象征，因而魁星被歷代學(xué)子奉為神靈?？?與聚星亭東西犄角相望，互為呼應(yīng)，融為一體。
廟前廣場北面的石砌坊門，是孔廟第一道大門—欞星門，六柱三門，古樸優(yōu)美，中間橫楣刻有篆文“欞星門”。欞星是古代天文學(xué)中的“文星”，取名之由是要表示天下文人學(xué)士集學(xué)于此的意思。三門之間鑲嵌有牡丹圖案的磚刻浮雕，精雕細琢，美侖美奐。石柱頂端皆用云板，即華表之意，作為一種標(biāo)志。此乃皇帝祭孔的儀門。
走過欞星門，我們就來到大成殿的大成門前。
大成門，又稱戟門，是夫子廟的正大門，兩旁為持敬門。封建時代只有官員可以由大成門出入，一般士子只能從旁門進出。進入門內(nèi)，左右分別樹有四塊古碑：東邊有元至順二年（1331年）的《封至圣夫人碑》和（封四氏碑），西邊有公元1330年的殘碑《集慶孔子廟碑》和由市*遷來的甫齊永明二年（484年）的《孔于問禮圖碑》。以《孔子問禮圖碑》為著。
院落甬道兩旁排列了孔子十二門生中的八位，即閔損、冉耕、冉求、端木賜、冉雍、宰予、言偃和仲由，均由漢白玉雕刻而成，狀甚虔誠，栩栩如生。
向前看，大成殿前的平臺為丹墀，俗稱露臺，高1.4米，東西寬21.8米，南北長“14.0米，四周圍以石欄，有云頭望柱24根，臺前兩角設(shè)有石燈籠。此露臺用作祭祀和歌舞。露臺*的孔于雕像格外引入注目，青銅質(zhì)地，達4.18米，重乙37噸，做工精細，維妙維肖，體態(tài)豐盈，面部慈祥、深沉，眉宇間透露出偉大思想家特有的睿智，給人留下非常深刻的印象。露臺兩旁原是兩廡，是供奉孔門七十二賢人牌位和存放祭祀、儀禮、佾舞用具的處所?，F(xiàn)縮為小兩廡，改為碑廊，陳列有趙樸初、林散之、武中奇等著名書法家墨跡的碑石30余塊，供游人欣賞。
露臺盡頭即為巍峨莊嚴的夫子廟主殿—大成殿，高16.22米，寬27.3米，進深27.9米，是重槽歇山頂?shù)姆鹿沤ㄖ?。正面屋檐下海藍*豎匾，上書“大成殿”。孔子為“大成至圣先師”，“大成”當(dāng)指孔子?！按蟪伞币辉~，源出《札記。學(xué)記》，是學(xué)習(xí)的最高境界。又見于《孟子·萬章》?！翱鬃?，圣之時者也?？鬃又^集大成。”屋脊鴟吻中有造型精美的“雙龍戲珠”立雕，這在國內(nèi)同類建筑中屬首創(chuàng)之作；屋面覆蓋青*小瓦所體現(xiàn)的輕秀之勢，與北方孔廟屋面采用黃*琉璃瓦的富麗恢宏之勢明顯不一樣，更顯隨和、入俗之意，這亦是南京夫子廟更接近俗文化的表現(xiàn)之一，亦或稱之為“入鄉(xiāng)隨俗”吧。整座建筑重檐飛翹，斗拱交錯，氣勢雄偉；殿堂七楹，殿廊環(huán)立26根仿木圓柱；前后花格長門16扇，內(nèi)殿藻井枋檁，素雅肅穆。殿*陳列有高6.5米、寬3.5米的國內(nèi)最大的孔子畫像，畫像前二側(cè)還有12位門生中的另4位，即孟子，孔汲，曾參、顏回，前面還陳列有?恰⑶?、螡身篌?囗啵?嘀?、古笫n⒐牡裙糯?制鰲?/p>
四周墻壁懸掛了38幅反映孔子生平事跡的鑲嵌壁畫，稱為“孔子圣跡圖”，是由浙*樂清2oo匠師采用取自浙*、福建，內(nèi)蒙古、遼寧、青海、廣西、廣東等?。▍^(qū)）的內(nèi)玉石，雞血凍、壽山石，翡翠綠、周村凍等石中名晶及黃金、珠寶、羅鈿等貴重的珠寶飾件，耗3年之功雕成，總投資580萬元**。畫面采用*古典全景式構(gòu)圖方式，輔以考*有據(jù)的細部描述，做工精細，*澤自然，富有立體感，給人以逼真神奇之感。每幅面高2.5米，寬1.3米，畫*有人物408位，造型面目自然、栩栩如生。38幅壁畫分別是圣跡之圖、題首前言、尼山致禱、麒麟玉書、二龍五老、鈞天降圣、俎豆學(xué)禮、職司委吏、命名榮貺、職司乘田、問禮老聃、在齊聞韶、晏嬰沮封、退修詩書、夾谷會齊、歸田謝過、誅少正卯；女樂文馬、因?去魯?？锶私鈬３蟠瓮囍?，丑次同車之二、宋人伐木、??腹獪饋⑹飾闌黜?、?偈ο?、西河穼?dǎo)蕁⒘楣?食?、子路问筋R⒃誄戮??、子西驹栤、作笚桖O輳?猶忱窶幀⒐蚴艸嗪紜⑽麼骰聹?、梦禑徒楹、址€(wěn)偽鴯欏⒑焊哽肼場Ｌ逑至絲鬃印巴蚴朗Ρ懟鋇墓饣緣浞緞蝸螅?馇∪緄鈧?ahref='/duilian/'target='_blank'>對聯(lián)所寫“氣備四時興天地鬼神日月合其德；教垂萬世繼堯舜禹湯文武作之師“。真乃謂“德侔天地道貫古今，刪述六經(jīng)垂憲萬世”。
由大成殿東廡北門出，經(jīng)東市即進入學(xué)宮區(qū)。
東市和西市是由原來進出學(xué)宮的東、西甬道改成，用作秦淮河上往返船只經(jīng)銷商品的場所，現(xiàn)已成為夫子廟地區(qū)最具特*的工藝美術(shù)晶、文化用品銷售場所和文化活動場所。
學(xué)宮是封建時代培養(yǎng)人才的場所，有不同層次，如縣學(xué)、府學(xué)（路學(xué)、州學(xué)等）和國學(xué)，都與孔廟毗鄰，以示儒學(xué)立國，修身的正統(tǒng)地位。學(xué)宮包括明德堂、尊經(jīng)*、敬一亭、崇圣祠和青云樓等單體建筑。走進學(xué)宮大門，就是古風(fēng)盎然的明德堂，是士子們每月朔、望日朝圣（即孔子）之后，集中聽訓(xùn)導(dǎo)師宣講圣教和上諭（倫理和*法令）的場所，以培養(yǎng)學(xué)子們忠君愛國的思想。對于明德堂的名稱，可能有的游客要問，各地夫子廟建筑群中只有“明倫堂”，何以南京夫子廟例外，叫作“明德堂”？確實，南京夫子廟內(nèi)，明德堂原來也稱“明倫堂”，只是當(dāng)年元*即將攻克南京之時，身陷囹圄的民族英雄南宋宰相文天祥，為了表明他寧死不屈的決心，親自手書，改“明倫堂”為“明德堂”以明效忠國家、報效民眾之志氣，故保留至今。明德堂后的尊經(jīng)*，始建于明朝中期，高三層，18。7米，重檐丁字脊歇山頂，氣象非凡，是當(dāng)年存放儒家典籍、教諭講課的講堂，現(xiàn)為民俗風(fēng)情陳列館。與尊經(jīng)*并排而立的是崇圣祠和青云樓，尊經(jīng)書院分置尊經(jīng)*后兩邊。崇圣祠祀孔子父母，現(xiàn)為梨園；青云樓清時改為圖書館；尊經(jīng)書院為講課之所，相當(dāng)于現(xiàn)在的教室。尊經(jīng)*后小高地，叫衛(wèi)山，建有敬一亭，天下文廟皆有敬一亭始于明嘉靖時，亭內(nèi)立皇帝御題的“敬一箴”，作為生員士子的座右銘。所謂“敬一”就是對孔學(xué)的敬業(yè)之意。
游完學(xué)宮，向東過貢院西街走數(shù)十米，就是*南貢院。利用這一段時間，我給大家介紹一下夫子廟的其他情況。夫子廟地區(qū)除了夫子廟自身建筑之外，還有更為引人注目的民風(fēng)民俗、特*市場和風(fēng)味小吃。
其一，南京人向有過燈節(jié)的習(xí)俗，六朝時期佛興燈旺，作為帝王之都的南京，每至元宵節(jié)，燈火滿市井，為全國之冠。明朝時放燈時間延長，正月初八為上燈節(jié)。*日為落燈節(jié)，是我國歷史上為時最長的燈節(jié)，那時南京人幾乎“家家走橋，人人看燈”，由此，延至清代以及近代，南京燈節(jié)都極為隆重，以夫子廟地區(qū)為最盛。建國以后，夫子廟燈會在*的支持和組織下，每年的正月，夫子廟的大街小巷、店堂鋪面、河房屋頂都掛滿了各式各樣的*燈，前來觀賞的人群絡(luò)繹不絕，熙熙攘攘，煞是壯觀，其規(guī)模之大、延續(xù)時間之長、燈*式樣之多，在全國同類燈會中均名列前茅。
其二，夫子廟除了它的文化特*外，其商業(yè)文化也比較發(fā)達，首先是夫子廟建筑群兩側(cè)的東、西二市就以其豐富的工藝美術(shù)晶、古玩、字畫及其他文化用品交易而顯示出文化的商業(yè)*價值，其次在夫子廟還有小商品市場、花鳥蟲魚市場和古玩、珍藏品交易市場，體現(xiàn)了南京人的一種閑適心態(tài)和文化品位。夫子廟已成為現(xiàn)代商品云集的商業(yè)中心區(qū)之一。
其三，夫子廟還是南京四時茶食的發(fā)源地，隨著各種節(jié)令的更替和食俗的形成，夫子廟秦淮小吃因時更新，各種茶食店鋪，攤販小吃，應(yīng)有盡有，成為我國東南地區(qū)歷史最久、最獨具特*的飲食文化旅游區(qū)。從泮池文德橋至文源橋方圓百米左右的市面，風(fēng)味飲食店就有數(shù)十家之多?？芍^咸甜葷素風(fēng)味迥異；東西南北各有千秋。最著名的店面有百年老店永和園、六鳳居、老正興、奇芳*、蔣有記等，風(fēng)味名點和小吃有數(shù)百種，極大地強化了夫子廟的區(qū)域*特征。
好，我們已到了始建于1168年的*南貢院遺址。*南貢院是專門用來考試的場所，起初規(guī)模并不大，只供府、縣學(xué)考試之用。明初鄉(xiāng)試、會試集中在此舉行。后貢院規(guī)模擴大，待到清朝，正式定名為*南貢院，已經(jīng)是規(guī)?？涨?，形成東起姚家巷，西至學(xué)宮、孔廟，南臨秦淮河，北抵建康路的方形整體，其號舍達兩萬多個，在當(dāng)時全國貢院中首屈一指。*之后，貢院冷落，只有明遠樓等，作為歷史文物被保留下來。
我們現(xiàn)在看到的明遠樓，上下三層，四四方方，飛檐出甍，面面皆窗，它本是貢院舉行考試期間用來*戒和發(fā)號施令之所。如今樓下拱門內(nèi)保留的明、清和*年間的石碑，詳盡記載了*南貢院的盛衰歷史。為有效地保存封建時代科舉考場的情景，80年代中期，有關(guān)部門在此建立了“*南貢院陳列館”，復(fù)建了以“千字文”命名的部分號舍，陳列了神態(tài)各異的應(yīng)試學(xué)子的塑像，供人們參觀。同時，游人們還可以親自體會一下“金榜題名”的古趣。各位朋友，您不想試一試？
游罷夫子廟的主要觀光點，我們大概可以把夫子廟的特點歸納為以下兩點。
第一，夫子廟是一個廟市合一的活動場所，這是其最大特*，而其他城市的孔廟建筑及其文化氛圍通常與商業(yè)文明、市井文化相隔離。在夫子廟，一方面是圍墻內(nèi)嚴謹?shù)奈幕諊?；另一方面是圍墻外、秦淮河兩岸充滿活力的商業(yè)文明，如工藝美術(shù)品、小商品、花鳥及現(xiàn)代商場、批銷中心，以及業(yè)經(jīng)去其糟粕、取其精華的俗文化，如傳統(tǒng)的民風(fēng)民俗—秦淮燈*、秦淮風(fēng)味小吃、云錦工藝、南京白局等，一應(yīng)俱全，充分體現(xiàn)了夫子廟的繁華和與眾不同。學(xué)宮、孔廟與市場（東西市等）、俗文化（秦淮民風(fēng)民俗等）*相處，高雅的儒學(xué)文化與通俗的市井文化、商業(yè)文化相互兼容、共同發(fā)展，形成了富有地方特*的秦淮文化。
第二，夫子廟建筑布局中有許多*之最。如象征南京母親河—秦淮河的長達110米的高大照壁，是全國最大的；泮池是以天然河道秦淮河的一段改作的，是所有孔廟中獨一無二的。由此可知，秦淮河在夫子廟的歷史演變過程中的影響是非常重要的。南京夫子廟學(xué)宮明德堂的名稱在全國也是少有的；大成殿“三寶”—孔子畫像、雕像和孔子生平事跡壁畫，堪稱全國之最。值得一提的是，由于南京夫子廟的與眾不同，地方*和國家旅游局自80年代以來，開發(fā)并形成了以夫子廟為中心的秦淮風(fēng)光帶。在東起東水關(guān)、西迄西水關(guān)的十里秦淮，發(fā)掘出那些被歷史湮沒的秦淮勝跡，如瞻園、白鷺州、中華門城堡以及桃葉渡至鎮(zhèn)淮橋一帶的秦淮水上游和沿河景觀，即所謂的“四點一線”，形成了集山水、園林、市街、河房河廳和民風(fēng)民俗于一體的綜合旅游區(qū)。現(xiàn)已布局井然，初具規(guī)模，景致獨特，美不勝收，成為全國旅游景區(qū)四十佳之一?；诖?，有關(guān)部門還開辟了“夜泊秦淮”水上游旅游線路和陸上游一條線，成為繼“湖南路燈光夜市”后又一顆照亮南京一片天空的“夜明珠”，使得夜晚的南京城更顯魅力。
各位朋友，夫子廟的游覽就到此結(jié)束了，感謝大家的支持和合作！
第二篇：南京夫子廟導(dǎo)游詞英語
Hello, everyone! Welcome to Nanjing Confucius Temple. The Confucius Temple is located on the Bank of Qinhuai River in the south of the city. It is a historic site and tourist attraction that Nanjing people are proud of. It is a prosperous place where culture, commerce, sightseeing center and Temple market are integrated.
Confucius Temple, also known as Confucius Temple and Confucian temple, is a place to offer sacrifices to Confucius, a famous educator and thinker in China. Confucius was honored as Confucius in ancient times, so his temple is commonly known as "Confucius Temple". Due to the orthodox status of Confucianism, its founder Confucius was highly respected by the rulers and scholars of feudal society. There were more than one Confucius temples all over the country. As a place for feudal scholars to worship, Confucius Temple is mostly arranged together with educational facilities (such as school palace, Gong Yuan, etc.), that is, the so-called temple is attached to school, usually in front or on one side of the school palace.
Historically, there were three Confucius temples in the urban area of Nanjing, one in the compound of the current municipal government and the other in the Chaotian Palace. Now we are going to visit the third and most famous place. It was moved from Chaotian Palace in the first year of Jingyou of Song Dynasty (1034). At first, it was Jiankang school, Jiqing road school in Yuan Dynasty, Guoxue in Ming Dynasty, yingtianfu school in Qing Dynasty, and Jiangning school and Shangyuan school in Qing Dynasty. It was destroyed in the Xianfeng Period, rebuilt in the Tongzhi period (1869), and burned by the Japanese during the Anti Japanese war. The existing Confucius Temple was rebuilt in the early 1980s. It uses the former temple and the later school, Confucius Temple in the front and the Academy in the back, and the later Gong Yuan is arranged on the left side of the Academy. Therefore, the relatively complete pattern of Confucius Temple in Nanjing includes three parts, namely, Confucius Temple, Academy and Gongyuan. The North-South central axis with Dacheng hall as the center and the main buildings on both sides and the Jiangnan Gongyuan exhibition hall with Mingyuan building as the center have become the main tourist spots in the Confucius Temple area.
Due to its long history and convenient water transportation, Confucius Temple area has become a famous "beautiful place" and a place where celebrities live in ancient Nanjing before the appearance of Confucius Temple. Therefore, in addition to the main scenic spots mentioned above, there are also scenic spots such as Wu Jingzi's former residence, ancient taoyedu, Cuiyuan, one hundred year old shop Street, wendeqiao, Wang Xie's former residence, Wuyi lane, meixianglou, etc.
Now we are standing at the starting point of the central axis of Confucius Temple - Confucius Temple Square. Looking around, there are panchi, Zhaobi and mufang in the south, Juxing Pavilion, KuiGuang Pavilion and business district in the East and West, Dacheng hall in the central axis and the East and West cities on the East and west sides of Confucius Temple in the north, which form the unique atmosphere of Confucius Temple area different from other cities, that is, the pattern of Temple market integration in history.
Look at the river in front of the square. It's called Qinhuai River. It's the mother river of Nanjing people. It's 110 kilometers long and gave birth to the early Nanjing civilization. The section that flows through the square is a part of the Inner Qinhuai River. When the temple was built, it was transformed into panchi, named after the water flowing through the Confucius Temple in Qufu. A red wall on the south bank is a large screen wall built in the Wanli period of the Ming Dynasty (1575). It is 110 meters long and majestic. It is the largest screen wall in China. Zhaobi played a role of shelter and decoration, which was the beginning of the whole Confucius Temple complex. The stone railings on the North Bank of panchi were built in Zhengde (1514) of the Ming Dynasty. After many vicissitudes, they became the only best preserved ancient architectural sketch in the Confucius Temple complex, which had been repaired before the Anti Japanese war. Here, visitors take a rest on the fence and enjoy the beautiful scenery of Qinhuai.
The Wende bridge on the west side of panchi is now hanbaiyu bridge. It got its name from the Confucian school's advocacy of article morality. Because the direction of the bridge is the same as that of the meridian, every November 15 of the lunar calendar, when the bright moon is in the sky and you look down from the railing, you can see the shadow of the bridge on both sides of the bridge. The bright moon in the river is divided into two and a half months, which is called "Wen de Fen Yue". Wu Jingzi recorded it in his book scholars. If you have a chance, you might as well come to Wende bridge on November 15 of the lunar calendar to have a look.
A group of Hui style buildings at the entrance of South Wuyi lane of wendeqiao is called "Wangxie ancient residence". As the settlement area of Wang Xie and Wang Xie in the Eastern Jin Dynasty, it has a great influence, especially the verses of Wu Yi Xiang, the famous work of Liu Yuxi in Tang Dynasty, which makes Wu Yi Xiang and Wang Xie's former residence very famous, and now it is "the historical and cultural exhibition Hall of Six Dynasties in Nanjing." You can visit it when you have time.
Now, to the north of the stone column is the newly rebuilt Tianxia Wenshu square, which indicates that it is the cultural center of Tianxia. Three doors and four pillars, quite spectacular. In ancient times, it corresponded to the Lingxing gate at the back, which was used for the emperors to go on a pilgrimage to worship Confucius. The high gate square in the middle was the royal road where the emperor was lucky to come. It was used for the princes of the county to go in and out. The ordinary officials and subjects could not pass through, so it was usually closed with wooden fences.
The star gathering Pavilion on the west side of the square in front of the temple has a hexagonal cornice, which is simple and elegant. It looks like a two-layer structure with double cornices on the outside. In fact, it has only one floor. The name of the pavilion is the gathering of stars and talents. In the East, the small courtyard facing the water is KuiGuang Pavilion. The Kuixing Pavilion in the pavilion has three floors and six sides, and faces Qinhuai River. The scenery is unique. In ancient times, there was a saying of "Kui Zhu Wen". Kuixing, or Kuixing, is a sign of prosperity of the literary movement and a symbol of winning the first place in the imperial examination. Therefore, Kuixing was regarded as a God by the students of the past dynasties. KuiGuang Pavilion and Juxing Pavilion look at each other from the east to the west, echoing each other and integrating into one.
The stone square gate in the north of the square in front of the temple is the first gate of the Confucius Temple - Lingxing gate, with six columns and three gates. It is simple and beautiful, and the lintel in the middle is engraved with the seal character "Lingxing gate". Lingxing is the "Wenxing" in ancient astronomy. The reason why it is named is to show that scholars in the world gather here. The brick relief inlaid with peony pattern between the three doors is exquisitely carved and gorgeous. The top of the stone column is made of cloud plate, which means Huabiao, as a sign. This is the gate for the emperor to worship Confucius.
After passing the Lingxing gate, we came to the Dacheng gate of Dacheng hall.
Dachengmen, also known as Jimen, is the main gate of Confucius Temple, with Zhijing gate on both sides. In feudal times, only officials could get in and out of dachengmen, while ordinary scholars could only get in and out from other doors. Entering the gate, there are four ancient steles on the left and right: in the East, there are the stele of fengzhisheng's wife in 1331, the remnant stele of Jiqing Confucius Temple in 1330, and the stele of kongyuwenli in 484, which was moved by the municipal government. This book is based on the picture stele of Confucius asking for rites.
On both sides of the courtyard and corridor are arranged eight of Confucius' twelve students, namely min sang, ran Geng, ran Qiu, Duan Muzi, ran Yong, Zai Yu, Yan Yan and Zhong you. They are all carved from white jade of Han Dynasty. They are very devout and lifelike.
Looking forward, the platform in front of the Dacheng hall is Danlong, commonly known as the terrace. It is 1.4 meters high, 21.8 meters wide from east to west, and 14.0 meters long from north to south. It is surrounded by stone railings, 24 cloud looking pillars, and stone lanterns are set at the two corners of the platform. This terrace is used for sacrifice, singing and dancing. The statue of Kongyu in the middle of the terrace is particularly eye-catching. It's made of bronze, 4.18 meters long and weighs 37 tons. It's exquisitely made, lifelike, full-bodied, with a kind and deep face. The eyebrows reveal the wisdom of a great thinker and leave a very deep impression on people. On both sides of the terrace, there were two verandas, which were used to worship the memorial tablets of the 72 sages in Confucius' gate and to store sacrificial, ceremonial and dancing utensils. Now it is reduced to a small two veranda and changed into a stele gallery. There are more than 30 steles with ink marks of famous calligraphers such as Zhao Puchu, Lin Sanzhi and Wu Zhongqi, which are displayed for tourists to enjoy.
At the end of the terrace is the majestic main hall of Confucius Temple Dacheng hall, which is 16.22 meters high, 27.3 meters wide and 27.9 meters deep. It is an antique building on the top of chongcaoxie mountain. Under the eaves of the front, there is a sea blue vertical plaque, which reads "Dacheng hall". Confucius is the most sage and forerunner of Dacheng, and Dacheng refers to Confucius. The word "Dacheng" comes from "notes. Learning notes", which is the highest level of learning. It can also be seen in Mencius wanzhang. "Confucius is the sage of time. Confucius called it jidacheng. " There is a beautiful standing sculpture of "double dragons playing with pearls" in the bird's kiss on the roof, which is the first of its kind in China; The light and beautiful tendency of the roof covered with green tiles is obviously different from the magnificent tendency of the yellow glazed tiles used in the roof of the northern Confucius Temple. It is more easygoing and popular. This is also one of the performances of Nanjing Confucius Temple closer to popular culture, or "do as the Romans do". The whole building is magnificent with double eaves, crisscross brackets, seven couplets in the hall, 26 wooden columns in the corridor, 16 lattice doors in the front and back, and purlins in the inner hall. In the center of the hall, there is a 6.5-meter-high and 3.5-meter-wide portrait of Confucius, the largest in China. On the front two sides of the portrait, there are another four of the 12 students, namely Mencius, Kongji, Zengshen and Yanhui. In front of the portrait, there are also ancient musical instruments such as Gong, Qin, wokonghou, chime, Bianzhong, guzheng and drum.
38 inlaid murals reflecting Confucius' life stories are hung on the surrounding walls, which are called "Confucius' holy trace". They are made of inner jade from Zhejiang, Fujian, Inner Mongolia, Liaoning, Qinghai, Guangxi, Guangdong and other provinces (regions), famous crystals from jixueleng, Shoushan stone, feicuilv, zhoucunleng and precious jewelry such as gold, jewelry, Luodian, etc. by 2oo craftsmen in Yueqing, Zhejiang Province. It takes three years The total investment is 5.8 million yuan. The picture adopts the Chinese classical panoramic composition method, supplemented by the detailed description of textual research, with fine workmanship, natural color, rich three-dimensional sense, giving people a sense of lifelike magic. Each sheet is 2.5 meters high and 1.3 meters wide. There are 408 figures in the painting. The shape is natural and lifelike. The 38 murals are the picture of the holy trace, the preface to the title, the prayer of Nishan, the Qilin Yushu, the Erlong Wulao, the Juntian Shengjiang, the zudou Xueli, the functionary commissar, the name Rongfu, the functionary Chengtian, the questioner Laofu, Wenshao in Qi, Yan Yingju Feng in Yan, the retreat of Shishu, Jiagu Huiqi, returning to Tian xiegouo, zhushaozhengmao; the female music Wenma, and Yingu Qulu. Help people out. In Song Dynasty, people felled trees, attacked the Falcon, struck the chime by Shiwei, learned to play Qin by Xiang, drove back to Xihe, asked linggong about Chen, Zilu about Jin, in chenjueliang, zixijufeng, songqiuling, Xingtan ritual music, kneeling by Chihong, Xishou Huolin, Mengdian Liangying, Zhiren biegui, Han Gaosi to Lu. This is just like the couplet in the temple, which says that "Qi Bei Si Shi Xing heaven and earth, ghosts and gods, sun and moon are in accordance with their virtue; teach the world to follow Yao, Shun, Yu and Tang Wenwu as teachers". The truth is that "the Tao of heaven and earth runs through the ancient and modern times, and the six classics are deleted and listed in the Constitution for all ages.".
From the north gate of Dacheng hall, you can enter Xuegong district through Dongshi.
Dongshi and Xishi have been changed from the East and West passageways which used to enter and leave the academy to the places where the ships can sell goods on the Qinhuai River. Now they have become the most distinctive places for arts and crafts, cultural goods sales and cultural activities in the Confucius Temple area.
The school palace was a place to cultivate talents in feudal times. There were different levels, such as county school, government school (road school, state school, etc.) and national school. They were all adjacent to Confucius Temple, which showed the orthodox status of Confucianism in building the country and cultivating self. The school palace includes Mingde hall, Zunjing Pavilion, Jingyi Pavilion, Chongsheng temple and Qingyun tower. Entering the gate of the school is the ancient Mingde hall. It is a place for scholars to listen to their tutors' preaching of holy teachings and instructions (ethics and government decrees) after their monthly pilgrimage to the sun (i.e. Confucius), so as to cultivate their loyalty and patriotism. As for the name of mingdetang, some tourists may ask that there is only "Minglun hall" in the Confucius Temple complex. Why Nanjing Confucius Temple is an exception, which is called "mingdetang"? Indeed, in Nanjing Confucius Temple, mingdetang was originally also called "Minglun hall". It was just Wen Tianxiang, the Prime Minister of the Southern Song Dynasty, who was imprisoned when the yuan army was about to conquer Nanjing, in order to show that he would rather die than surrender He changed "Ming Lun Tang" into "Ming De Tang" in order to show his loyalty to the country and serve the people. Zunjing Pavilion, built in the middle of Ming Dynasty, is 18.7 meters high, with double eaves and T-shaped ridges on the top of the mountain. It is an extraordinary Hall for storing Confucian classics and teaching lectures. It is now an exhibition hall of folk customs. Standing side by side with Zunjing pavilion are Chongsheng temple and Qingyun tower. Zunjing academy is divided into two sides behind Zunjing Pavilion. In the Qing Dynasty, Qingyun building was changed into a library, and Zunjing Academy was used as a lecture center, which is equivalent to the classroom now. The small highland behind the Zunjing Pavilion, called Weishan, has a Jingyi Pavilion. All Confucian temples in the world have Jingyi Pavilion. It began in the Jiajing period of the Ming Dynasty. In the pavilion, the emperor's motto of "Jingyi Zhen" was set up as the motto of the students. The so-called "respect one" is the dedication to Confucianism.
After touring the Academy, walk tens of meters to the East past Gongyuan West Street, which is Jiangnan Gongyuan. During this period of time, I would like to introduce to you some other information about the Confucius Temple. In addition to the buildings of Confucius Temple, there are more noticeable folk customs, characteristic markets and snacks in the area.
Dear friends, this is the end of the tour of Confucius Temple. Thank you for your support and cooperation!
第三篇：關(guān)于江蘇夫子廟的導(dǎo)游詞
各位游客。在昨天的游程中，我為大家安排游覽了中山陵、明孝陵、靈谷寺，總統(tǒng)府舊址等名勝古跡。今天，我將帶大家到秦淮河、夫子廟去游覽。秦淮河旅游區(qū)，位于南京老城區(qū)城南，從市區(qū)出發(fā)，坐汽車約需20分鐘才能到達。它是一個以夫子廟為中心，集游覽、購物、品嘗風(fēng)味于一體，展示古城風(fēng)貌和民族風(fēng)情的旅游地。
各位游客。在昨天的游程中，我為大家安排游覽了中山陵、明孝陵、靈谷寺，總統(tǒng)府舊址等名勝古跡。今天，我將帶大家到秦淮河、夫子廟去游覽。秦淮河旅游區(qū)，位于南京老城區(qū)城南，從市區(qū)出發(fā)，坐汽車約需20分鐘才能到達。它是一個以夫子廟為中心，集游覽、購物、品嘗風(fēng)味于一體，展示古城風(fēng)貌和民族風(fēng)情的旅游地。
【秦淮河的由來和歷史變遷】
秦淮河，是一條曾對古城南京的政治、經(jīng)濟、文化發(fā)展起過重要作用的河流。相傳秦淮河是秦始皇下令開鑿的一條人工運河。秦始皇東巡會稽，經(jīng)過南京時，為方便船只行駛，曾下令開鑿方山，使淮水與長江溝通，因而這段河道得名"秦淮河"。但據(jù)地質(zhì)考察證明，秦淮河是一條歷史悠久的天然河流，當(dāng)時這條古老的河流確是曾從方山經(jīng)過，但由于地理變遷，河流改道，逐漸形成了現(xiàn)在的河道。歷史上的秦淮河，河道寬綽。自五代吳王楊行密在長干橋一帶筑石頭城以后，河道開始變窄，并被分隔成內(nèi)、外"秦淮"。內(nèi)秦淮河由東水關(guān)人城，經(jīng)夫子廟，再由水西門南的西水關(guān)出城與外秦淮河匯合。河流全長10公里，這就是古往今來令無數(shù)文人墨客為之贊美傾倒、尋跡訪蹤的"十里秦淮"了。唐朝大詩人李白、劉禹錫、杜牧等都曾為她寫下詩篇，孔尚任的《桃花扇》和吳敬樣的《儒林外史》中，也都對"十里秦淮"有過生動的描寫。古老的秦淮河與流經(jīng)南京城北的長江相比，顯得十分渺小，但是它與南京城的誕生、發(fā)展，以及南京地區(qū)的政治、經(jīng)濟、文化發(fā)展有著極其密切的關(guān)系。早在五六千年前的新石器時代，這里已有人類繁衍生息。迄今為止，沿河兩岸發(fā)現(xiàn)的原始村落遺跡多達五六十處。六朝和明初封建朝廷一直把它作為都城的一道天然屏障和皇宮所需的天然通道。東吳孫權(quán)定都建業(yè)(南京)后，曾在秦淮河兩岸作"柵塘"，既可御敵，又可防洪。從六朝時起，夫子廟一帶的秦淮河兩岸已是居民密集、市井相連的繁華之地，秦淮河充當(dāng)了南京地區(qū)對外貿(mào)易的主要航道，河中舟船穿梭，一派繁榮。據(jù)說，舊時的秦淮河兩岸歌樓酒肆林立，河房水閣爭奇斗艷，游艇畫防燈火通明，富豪貴族在這里過著尋歡作樂、紙醉金迷的生活，勞動人民，特別是廣大婦女卻是以淚洗面，飽嘗了人間的辛酸。那時南京的妓·女大多集中在秦淮河兩岸。清代戲劇家孔尚任在《桃花扇》中描寫的不畏權(quán)貴的名妓李香君，她就居住在秦淮河南岸的文德橋畔。美麗的秦淮河曾流淌過蠻荒時代的寂寞，六朝以來的繁華和奢靡，舊社會的污垢和勞動人民的血淚，甚至還溶有南京大屠殺的血腥。然而，今天的秦淮河，經(jīng)過了歷史的沉淀和人民的改造，已散發(fā)著健康文明的馨香，展現(xiàn)了清澈動人的風(fēng)姿。它是南京歷史的見證，難怪人們慣于把"秦淮"當(dāng)作南京的代名詞。
【秦淮畫舫-伴池-夫子廟照壁-廟前廣場-欞星門】
各位游客：現(xiàn)在我們來到了秦淮河畔，河中的畫防都是仿照明代建筑風(fēng)格制造的，船頭掛有大紅彩球和紅燈籠。每當(dāng)元宵節(jié)南京人習(xí)慣來這里游玩賞燈。這種風(fēng)氣在明代就已盛行，據(jù)說明朝建都后，朱元津微服巡察京城。當(dāng)他來到秦淮河畔，看到兩岸綠樹成蔭，河水清澈，亭臺樓閣，風(fēng)景宜人，隨口說了句："惜河中缺游船。"皇帝開了金口，左右就連夜差人趕造畫舫，以博取皇帝歡心。從此，秦淮畫訪成了這里的一大特色。尤其到了中秋佳節(jié)時分，更是河上水燈萬盞齊放，兩岸龍燈飛舞，歌聲、鼓聲、歡聲、笑聲，連綿不絕，通宵達旦，真可謂"秦淮燈火甲天下"。難怪南京有"家家走橋，人人看燈"的民諺。我們眼前的這段秦淮河，自宋以后就成了夫子廟(孔廟)成泮池，又稱月牙他。古時候皇帝講學(xué)的學(xué)宮叫辟雍，諸侯講學(xué)成學(xué)宮叫泮宮，夫子廟的學(xué)宮相當(dāng)于諸侯講學(xué)的地方，所以這池稱"泮池"。泮池上一般建有三座石橋，按等級而論，縣官、學(xué)官走中間一座，秀才走兩邊的橋。相傳古時候有位秀才誤上中橋，有犯上作亂之罪，進退兩難，只好自己跳進了泮池。再請各位看河對岸的一段朱紅色石磚墻，這就是夫子廟的照壁。照壁建于明萬歷三年(歷澤年)，長達110米，為全們照壁之冠。各位游客：這座夫子廟始建于東晉成帝咸康三年(337年)，當(dāng)時成帝采納了王導(dǎo)的建議："治國以培育人才為重"，決定立大學(xué)于秦淮河畔。原來只建有學(xué)宮，孔廟是宋仁宗景拍元年(1034年)在學(xué)富基礎(chǔ)上擴建而成的。所以夫子廟是一個由文教中心演變而成的繁華鬧市，它包括夫子廟、學(xué)宮和貢院三大主要建筑群，其范圍南臨秦淮河北岸，北抵建康路東端，東起姚家巷，西止四福巷，規(guī)模龐大。夫子廟雖屢遭破壞，但各代都加以興修擴建，到清末民初，其樓閣、殿宇的結(jié)構(gòu)和布局堪稱東南之冠?，F(xiàn)在的夫子廟建筑，～部分是清代末年重建的，一部分是近幾年重建的。請大家回頭看，這座樓閣式建筑，叫做奎星閣，它初建于清乾隆年間。這座臨街傍水的建筑曾兩次被毀，1985年重建。現(xiàn)在我們來到了清代開辟的廟前廣場，廣場東西兩端豎有兩塊碑，高有一丈許，上面刻有滿漢兩種文字"文武大臣至此下馬"，表示對圣人孔子的崇敬。左側(cè)的這座六角重檐亭子叫"聚星亭"，"聚星"取群星集中，人才薈萃之意。建于明萬歷十四年(1586年)，也曾幾經(jīng)興廢，到清同治八年(1869年)才由江寧鄉(xiāng)賢朱芙峰等人籌資重建。這是一座在日軍炮火中惟一幸存的清代建筑，可惜在1968年被當(dāng)作"四舊"拆除，1983年又得以重建，恢復(fù)了原來的風(fēng)貌。廣場正中的這座牌坊，叫"天下文樞坊"。請大家繼續(xù)隨我往前走。這座門叫欞星門，這是孔廟的廟門。據(jù)傳榻星是天上主管教化的星宿，他得人方便高興。門是石結(jié)構(gòu)的，六柱三門，建于明成化十六年(1480年)，后來被毀，又于清同治九年(1870年)重建。不過，現(xiàn)在所見到的極星門是1983年再次重建的。極星門東西兩側(cè)便是東市、西市。
【大成門-大成殿-學(xué)宮】
各位游客：走過欞星門，便是孔廟的正門，叫大成門，也叫戟門。門內(nèi)側(cè)有石碑四塊。第一塊是《孔子問禮圖碑》，刻于南朝齊永明二年(484年)。記載了春秋末年奴隸制衰亡之際，孔子出于對周王朝禮樂制度的崇拜，抱著興國安邦、濟世訪賢的愿望，于魯昭公二十四年(公元前518年)，從家鄉(xiāng)曲阜去周王城洛陽考察典章制度，尋求鞏固魯國奴隸主政權(quán)辦法的經(jīng)歷。碑的上半部有"孔子問禮圖，吳敬恒題"的題字。圖中是二人駕車，一組身穿古裝人物在城門前歡迎的場面，還有"永明二年，孔子在魯人周門禮周流"的字樣。這塊碑已有1500多年的歷史了，圖文仍清晰可辨，是難得的珍貴文物。第二塊碑是《集慶孔廟碑》，碑文是元朝至大二年(1309年)重建孔廟時由盧摯撰寫的，到元至順元年(1330年)，由純齋王公書寫刻石。第三塊碑是《封四氏碑》，講的是元至順二年，文宗皇帝詔示：加封顏回、曾參(孔子的兩個弟子)、孔極(孔子的孫子)、孟軻(孔子的再傳弟子)為四亞圣之事。第四塊碑是《封至圣夫人碑》，講的是元至順二年(1331年)，文宗皇帝頒旨加封孔子之妻為至圣夫人之事。廟院兩側(cè)是碑廊(原來是供奉孔門七十二賢人牌位的地方)，廊內(nèi)陳列了當(dāng)代書法名家的碑刻30塊?，F(xiàn)在，請大家隨我從中間的石雨道走。在進大成殿前，我先給大家介紹一下殿前的這個露天臺子，這是祭祀和歌舞的地方。古時每年二月、八月的第一個丁日和孔子誕辰這一天(農(nóng)歷八月二十七日)，地方官吏都要在孔廟舉行盛大的祭掃活動。祭祀采用的是酉周奴隸主祭天地鬼神的禮儀，在大成殿前擺上仿青銅器做的祭器，上供牛2頭、豬16頭、羊16頭，以及大量布帛菽粟、干鮮果品、香紙蠟燭等。主祭人要穿特制的古裝祭服，宣讀祭文，向孔子及"四配"(孔子高徒)、"十二哲"(孔家子弟)牌位行三拜九叩禮，還配有樂隊和舞隊表演，以歌頌孔子，所以大成殿前要設(shè)舞臺?，F(xiàn)在請各位游客隨我進人孔廟主殿--大成殿。這是一座氣勢巍峨，重檐廡殿頂，屋脊中央有雙龍戲珠立雕的建筑。這種規(guī)格的建筑在全國也是屈指可數(shù)的。"大成"意思是孔子集古圣先賢思想之大成。大成殿內(nèi)原先正中供奉的是孔子和他的四位高徒，兩旁是孔家子弟塑像十二尊?，F(xiàn)在的大成殿已被辟為"南京鄉(xiāng)土文化博物館"。請大家再往前走，這里便是夫子廟的學(xué)宮。門楣上方原來有"學(xué)宮"匾額，門外柏木牌坊，牌坊上題有"東南第一學(xué)"。牌坊的北面是四周圍有木欄的花圃，左右有四書齋，是學(xué)子自修讀書的地方。這四齋名稱分別是"志道"、"據(jù)德"、"依仁"、"游藝"。后面是明德堂，這座建筑建于南宋紹興九年(1139年)，堂名為文天祥所書。明德堂是學(xué)子集會的地方，每月朔望(農(nóng)歷初一和十五)朝圣后，學(xué)子在此集會，訓(xùn)導(dǎo)師宣講圣教和上諭。東墻有"臥碑"，就是訓(xùn)教的法規(guī)。左右橫梁上懸掛著江寧府所屬六縣舉貢員生題額。我們眼前的這座建筑是梨香閣，原來是祭祀孔子父母的崇圣祠，現(xiàn)改為游樂場了。東面那座建筑是青云樓，它建于明萬歷十四年(1586年)，是供把歷代督學(xué)使的祠堂，初建時為三層樓，因為臨近貢院，為防止有人從樓上偷看貢院，清代時改建成二層樓，上層用作藏書，下層是閱覽室。清末廢除科舉后，改為小學(xué)，民國初年改為江寧縣教育會，抗戰(zhàn)時被用作開茶館、歌場，戰(zhàn)后曾先后作為民眾教育館和南京市通志館。這也是舊學(xué)宮保留下來的為數(shù)不多的建筑之一。各位游客：參觀完學(xué)宮建筑后，我們再去參觀一下夫子廟的另一座古建筑群--貢院。
秦淮河，是一條曾對古城南京的政治、經(jīng)濟、文化發(fā)展起過重要作用的河流。相傳秦淮河是秦始皇下令開鑿的一條人工運河。秦始皇東巡會稽，經(jīng)過南京時，為方便船只行駛，曾下令開鑿方山，使淮水與長江溝通，因而這段河道得名"秦淮河"。但據(jù)地質(zhì)考察證明，秦淮河是一條歷史悠久的天然河流，當(dāng)時這條古老的河流確是曾從方山經(jīng)過，但由于地理變遷，河流改道，逐漸形成了現(xiàn)在的河道。歷史上的秦淮河，河道寬綽。自五代吳王楊行密在長干橋一帶筑石頭城以后，河道開始變窄，并被分隔成內(nèi)、外"秦淮"。內(nèi)秦淮河由東水關(guān)人城，經(jīng)夫子廟，再由水西門南的西水關(guān)出城與外秦淮河匯合。河流全長10公里，這就是古往今來令無數(shù)文人墨客為之贊美傾倒、尋跡訪蹤的"十里秦淮"了。唐朝大詩人李白、劉禹錫、杜牧等都曾為她寫下詩篇，孔尚任的《桃花扇》和吳敬樣的《儒林外史》中，也都對"十里秦淮"有過生動的描寫。古老的秦淮河與流經(jīng)南京城北的長江相比，顯得十分渺小，但是它與南京城的誕生、發(fā)展，以及南京地區(qū)的政治、經(jīng)濟、文化發(fā)展有著極其密切的關(guān)系。早在五六千年前的新石器時代，這里已有人類繁衍生息。迄今為止，沿河兩岸發(fā)現(xiàn)的原始村落遺跡多達五六十處。六朝和明初封建朝廷一直把它作為都城的一道天然屏障和皇宮所需的天然通道。東吳孫權(quán)定都建業(yè)(南京)后，曾在秦淮河兩岸作"柵塘"，既可御敵，又可防洪。從六朝時起，夫子廟一帶的秦淮河兩岸已是居民密集、市井相連的繁華之地，秦淮河充當(dāng)了南京地區(qū)對外貿(mào)易的主要航道，河中舟船穿梭，一派繁榮。據(jù)說，舊時的秦淮河兩岸歌樓酒肆林立，河房水閣爭奇斗艷，游艇畫防燈火通明，富豪貴族在這里過著尋歡作樂、紙醉金迷的生活，勞動人民，特別是廣大婦女卻是以淚洗面，飽嘗了人間的辛酸。那時南京的妓·女大多集中在秦淮河兩岸。清代戲劇家孔尚任在《桃花扇》中描寫的不畏權(quán)貴的名妓李香君，她就居住在秦淮河南岸的文德橋畔。美麗的秦淮河曾流淌過蠻荒時代的寂寞，六朝以來的繁華和奢靡，舊社會的污垢和勞動人民的血淚，甚至還溶有南京大屠殺的血腥。然而，今天的秦淮河，經(jīng)過了歷史的沉淀和人民的改造，已散發(fā)著健康文明的馨香，展現(xiàn)了清澈動人的風(fēng)姿。它是南京歷史的見證，難怪人們慣于把"秦淮"當(dāng)作南京的代名詞。
【秦淮畫舫-伴池-夫子廟照壁-廟前廣場-欞星門】
各位游客：現(xiàn)在我們來到了秦淮河畔，河中的畫防都是仿照明代建筑風(fēng)格制造的，船頭掛有大紅彩球和紅燈籠。每當(dāng)元宵節(jié)南京人習(xí)慣來這里游玩賞燈。這種風(fēng)氣在明代就已盛行，據(jù)說明朝建都后，朱元津微服巡察京城。當(dāng)他來到秦淮河畔，看到兩岸綠樹成蔭，河水清澈，亭臺樓閣，風(fēng)景宜人，隨口說了句："惜河中缺游船。"皇帝開了金口，左右就連夜差人趕造畫舫，以博取皇帝歡心。從此，秦淮畫訪成了這里的一大特色。尤其到了中秋佳節(jié)時分，更是河上水燈萬盞齊放，兩岸龍燈飛舞，歌聲、鼓聲、歡聲、笑聲，連綿不絕，通宵達旦，真可謂"秦淮燈火甲天下"。難怪南京有"家家走橋，人人看燈"的民諺。我們眼前的這段秦淮河，自宋以后就成了夫子廟(孔廟)成泮池，又稱月牙他。古時候皇帝講學(xué)的學(xué)宮叫辟雍，諸侯講學(xué)成學(xué)宮叫泮宮，夫子廟的學(xué)宮相當(dāng)于諸侯講學(xué)的地方，所以這池稱"泮池"。泮池上一般建有三座石橋，按等級而論，縣官、學(xué)官走中間一座，秀才走兩邊的橋。相傳古時候有位秀才誤上中橋，有犯上作亂之罪，進退兩難，只好自己跳進了泮池。再請各位看河對岸的一段朱紅色石磚墻，這就是夫子廟的照壁。照壁建于明萬歷三年(歷澤年)，長達110米，為全們照壁之冠。各位游客：這座夫子廟始建于東晉成帝咸康三年(337年)，當(dāng)時成帝采納了王導(dǎo)的建議："治國以培育人才為重"，決定立大學(xué)于秦淮河畔。原來只建有學(xué)宮，孔廟是宋仁宗景拍元年(1034年)在學(xué)富基礎(chǔ)上擴建而成的。所以夫子廟是一個由文教中心演變而成的繁華鬧市，它包括夫子廟、學(xué)宮和貢院三大主要建筑群，其范圍南臨秦淮河北岸，北抵建康路東端，東起姚家巷，西止四福巷，規(guī)模龐大。夫子廟雖屢遭破壞，但各代都加以興修擴建，到清末民初，其樓閣、殿宇的結(jié)構(gòu)和布局堪稱東南之冠?，F(xiàn)在的夫子廟建筑，～部分是清代末年重建的，一部分是近幾年重建的。請大家回頭看，這座樓閣式建筑，叫做奎星閣，它初建于清乾隆年間。這座臨街傍水的建筑曾兩次被毀，1985年重建。現(xiàn)在我們來到了清代開辟的廟前廣場，廣場東西兩端豎有兩塊碑，高有一丈許，上面刻有滿漢兩種文字"文武大臣至此下馬"，表示對圣人孔子的崇敬。左側(cè)的這座六角重檐亭子叫"聚星亭"，"聚星"取群星集中，人才薈萃之意。建于明萬歷十四年(1586年)，也曾幾經(jīng)興廢，到清同治八年(1869年)才由江寧鄉(xiāng)賢朱芙峰等人籌資重建。這是一座在日軍炮火中惟一幸存的清代建筑，可惜在1968年被當(dāng)作"四舊"拆除，1983年又得以重建，恢復(fù)了原來的風(fēng)貌。廣場正中的這座牌坊，叫"天下文樞坊"。請大家繼續(xù)隨我往前走。這座門叫欞星門，這是孔廟的廟門。據(jù)傳榻星是天上主管教化的星宿，他得人方便高興。門是石結(jié)構(gòu)的，六柱三門，建于明成化十六年(1480年)，后來被毀，又于清同治九年(1870年)重建。不過，現(xiàn)在所見到的極星門是1983年再次重建的。極星門東西兩側(cè)便是東市、西市。
【大成門-大成殿-學(xué)宮】
第四篇：南京夫子廟導(dǎo)游詞英語
"Wild grass and flowers by the Zhuque bridge, sunset at the entrance of Wuyi Lane..." This is my first understanding of Confucius temple when I was a child.
I don't know. I'm scared. If you are a tourist, have been to Nanjing, but have not been to the Confucius Temple, it is really in vain!
Confucius Temple is a famous scenic spot in Nanjing with a long history. The Confucius Temple is close to the Qinhuai River, the mother river of Nanjing, just like the Yangtze River and Yellow River in China. Qinhuai river rippling, sparkling, water from time to time out of the lovely fish, sitting on the boat of Confucius Temple to see the scenery, do not have a taste.
To see the Confucius Temple, you must come in the evening. At this time, the Confucius Temple is full of bright lights and colorful neon lights. It looks like the aurora in the sky of the city. At this moment, people come to the Confucius Temple regardless of the fatigue of the night. Hungry? Ha ha, no problem! Folloe me! Duck blood vermicelli soup, chicken juice soup bag, mutton kebab, not enough to KFC! McDonald's also has! And Nanjing stinky tofu and other classic snacks By the way! There are salted duck! Salted duck is a specialty of Nanjing! Welcome to taste! One of the salted duck is called osmanthus duck, which is improving on the level of salted duck, with the fragrance of osmanthus. Confucius Temple is not the "No.2 lion bridge". It's just food. There are many fashionable shops for you to visit. Of course, your eyes will not be idle. The Confucius Temple is an ancient building long ago, which contains the flavor of old Nanjing. The exquisite carving on the walls and the gorgeous national pattern on the roof are so beautiful. In addition, the Qinhuai River at night is even more beautiful. The clear water reflects the starry night sky, green trees, buildings, and the colorful lights, which make the Qinhuai River colorful.
On the Lantern Festival, the Confucius Temple is full of people. There are small shops selling lanterns in the streets, including lovely rabbit lanterns, ancient horse lanterns and Kongming lanterns. In addition to lanterns, there are many lantern shops in the Confucius Temple during the Lantern Festival. Lantern Festival has big and small, big inside sesame, small bubble sugar water, are very delicious.
We believe that not only the Confucius Temple, but also Nanjing, a city with a long history, will have a better future!
第五篇：南京夫子廟導(dǎo)游詞英語
Ladies and gentlemen. During yesterday's tour, I arranged for you to visit such places of interest as Zhongshan Mausoleum, Ming Xiaoling Mausoleum, Linggu Temple and the former site of the presidential palace. Today, I will take you to Qinhuai River and Confucius Temple. Qinhuai River tourist area is located in the south of the old urban area of Nanjing. It takes about 20 minutes to get there by bus from the urban area. It is a tourist destination with Confucius Temple as the center, integrating sightseeing, shopping and tasting, displaying the style and features of the ancient city and ethnic customs.
[origin and historical changes of Qinhuai River]
Qinhuai River is a river that once played an important role in the political, economic and cultural development of the ancient city of Nanjing. It is said that the Qinhuai River is an artificial canal ordered by the first emperor of Qin Dynasty. When the first emperor of Qin Dynasty visited Kuaiji in the East, in order to facilitate the navigation of ships, he ordered to dig Fangshan to connect the Huaihe River with the Yangtze River. However, according to geological investigation, Qinhuai River is a natural river with a long history. At that time, the ancient river did pass through Fangshan. However, due to geographical changes, the river changed its course and gradually formed the present river. The Qinhuai River in history has a wide channel. Since Yang xingmi, king of Wu in the Five Dynasties, built the stone city in the area of changganqiao, the river began to narrow and was divided into the inner and outer Qinhuai River. The Inner Qinhuai River flows from the city of dongshuiguan, through the Confucius Temple, and then from the city of xishuiguan in the south of Shuiximen to join the outer Qinhuai River. The total length of the river is 10 kilometers. This is the "Ten Mile Qinhuai River" that has been praised and visited by countless scholars and scholars since ancient times. Li Bai, Liu Yuxi and Du Mu, the great poets of Tang Dynasty, wrote poems for her. Kong Shangren's Peach Blossom Fan and Wu Jingyang's scholars also vividly described the "ten li Qinhuai River".
Compared with the Yangtze River, which flows through the north of Nanjing City, the ancient Qinhuai River is very small, but it is closely related to the birth and development of Nanjing City, as well as the political, economic and cultural development of Nanjing area. As early as five or six thousand years ago in the Neolithic age, there have been human reproduction. So far, as many as 50 or 60 relics of primitive villages have been found along both sides of the river. In the Six Dynasties and the early Ming Dynasty, the feudal court always regarded it as a natural barrier for the capital and a natural passage for the imperial palace. After the establishment of the capital Jianye (Nanjing), Sun Quan of the eastern Wu Dynasty used to make "gate ponds" on both sides of the Qinhuai River, which could not only resist the enemy, but also prevent floods. Since the Six Dynasties, both sides of the Qinhuai River in the area of Confucius Temple have been prosperous places with dense residents and connected markets. The Qinhuai River has served as the main channel for foreign trade in Nanjing, with boats and boats shuttling through the river. It is said that in the old days, there were many song houses and restaurants on both sides of the Qinhuai River, the river houses and water pavilions were full of splendor, the yacht paintings were well lighted, and the rich and noble lived a life of pleasure and money. The working people, especially the vast number of women, had a good taste of the bitterness of the world. At that time, prostitutes in Nanjing were mostly concentrated on both sides of the Qinhuai River. Li Xiangjun, a famous prostitute who is not afraid of power and nobility, is described in Peach Blossom Fan by Kong Shangren, a dramatist in Qing Dynasty. She lives by wendeqiao on the South Bank of Qinhuai River.
The beautiful Qinhuai River once flowed the loneliness of the wild age, the prosperity and extravagance since the Six Dynasties, the dirt of the old society, the blood and tears of the working people, and even the blood of the Nanjing Massacre. However, today's Qinhuai River, after the precipitation of history and the transformation of the people, has exuded the fragrance of health and civilization, showing a clear and moving style. It is the witness of Nanjing's history. No wonder people used to take "Qinhuai" as the pronoun of Nanjing.
[Qinhuai boat - Banchi - Zhaobi of Confucius Temple - Square in front of the temple - Lingxing gate]
Ladies and gentlemen: now we come to the Bank of the Qinhuai River. The painted defenses in the river are all made in the style of Ming Dynasty architecture, with big red balls and red lanterns hanging on the bow. Whenever the Lantern Festival, Nanjing people used to come here to enjoy the lights. It is said that after the establishment of the capital of Ming Dynasty, Zhu Yuanjin paid a visit to the capital. When he came to the Bank of the Qinhuai River, he saw trees on both sides of the river, clear water, pavilions and pleasant scenery. He said casually, "I'm sorry for the lack of boats in the river." When the emperor opened the golden gate, he sent people all night to build the boat in order to win the
