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第一篇：沈陽故宮導(dǎo)游詞英文版
各位朋友，在繁華的沈陽古城中心，有一座巍峨莊嚴(yán)的清代宮殿建筑群。這里就是我們今天的目的地——沈陽故宮。
依建筑時(shí)間和布局，沈陽故宮的建筑可分為三部分，它們分別是東路、中路、西路。今天，我們就按這個順序。首先參觀東路建筑。
沈陽故宮以其獨(dú)特的建筑藝術(shù)和特殊的歷史而聞名中外，在這片絢麗多彩，雄偉多姿的建筑群中，最古老，最具特色的就是我們面前的大政殿。
大政殿草創(chuàng)于1625年，是處理國家政務(wù)和舉行慶典活動的主要場所之一。大政殿為八角重檐攢尖式建筑，外形近似滿族早期在山林中狩獵時(shí)所搭的帳篷。在大政殿的房脊上，還飾有八個蒙古力士，牽引著八條鐵鏈，象征著“八方歸一”。正門前的大柱上，盤旋著兩條翹首揚(yáng)爪的金龍，是受漢族敬天畏龍思想的影響，以龍代表天子的至尊無上。大政殿建筑特點(diǎn)的多樣性，體現(xiàn)了多民族文化的融合。金龍盤柱，盡顯中原之風(fēng);八位力士又流露了濃郁的蒙古色彩;而亭帳式的風(fēng)貌，則是滿族古老文化的延續(xù)。
作為最早使用和最為重要的宮殿之一。許多重大歷史事件都以大政殿為舞臺上演。1643年，六歲的順治皇帝在大政殿繼承帝位，并于次年在此頒布了出兵令，命攝政王多爾哀兵入山海關(guān)直搗中原，最終完成了滿清一代的一統(tǒng)大業(yè)。
大政殿兩側(cè)南向，十王亭呈燕翅排列。錯落有致，如眾星拱月，南寬北狹，似無窮無盡，象征兵多將廣，萬世綿延。十王亭是清朝入關(guān)前左右翼王和八旗旗主在皇宮內(nèi)辦公的地方。它們與大政殿構(gòu)成了一組亭子式的院落建筑，反映了滿族獨(dú)特的軍政體制——八旗制度，這在中國的歷史上堪稱獨(dú)步天下。遠(yuǎn)在努爾哈赤立國之初，凡遇軍國大事都由汗王與八旗貝勒大臣共同討論決定。努爾哈赤定都沈陽后，在修建宮殿時(shí)便將這種“君臣合署辦公”的制度固定化。以建筑的形式表現(xiàn)了八旗制度和“八和碩貝勒共治國政”的政體及軍事民主的思想。因而形成了大政殿、十五亭這組獨(dú)特的建筑，為中國宮殿建筑史寫下了空前的一頁。
各位朋友，現(xiàn)在我們來到了中路。從1626年皇太極繼承汗位，即續(xù)建皇宮，形成沈陽故宮的中路建筑。中路建筑前起大清門，后至清寧宮，院落三進(jìn)，獨(dú)成一體。
大清門是沈陽故宮的正門，為皇帝臨朝前，文武百官候朝的地方。它便是演義小說中俗稱的“午朝門”。大清門的屋頂滿鋪黃琉璃瓦并襯以綠色剪邊，既保留了以黃為尊的傳統(tǒng)觀念，又體現(xiàn)了滿族對故鄉(xiāng)山林的深厚眷念。從而形成了區(qū)別北京故宮的一個特點(diǎn)——宮殿頂覆以黃琉璃瓦鑲以綠色剪邊。
穿過大清門，北望便是崇政殿。崇政殿俗稱“金鑾殿”，是清太宗皇太極舉行日常朝會的地方。
1635年，皇太極下令將族名‘女真”改為“滿洲”。1636年皇太極在崇政殿登基稱帝，上尊號“寬溫仁圣”，將國號“金”改為“清”年號“天聰”改為“崇德”。
各位朋友，古代宮殿建筑布局講究“前朝后寢”?？催^了皇帝上朝的金鑾殿，請大家隨我去參觀帝后的寢宮。
穿過崇政殿兩側(cè)的左右翊門，舉目可見位于3.8米高臺之上的鳳凰樓。樓后為帝后寢居的后宮——臺上五宮。與崇政殿對比又形成了沈陽故宮不同于北京故宮的特點(diǎn)——“宮高殿低”。而北京故宮則恰恰相反，是“殿高官低”。
鳳凰樓為宴飲、議事之所，是當(dāng)年沈陽城的最高建筑，詩稱“欲窮千里目，更上一層樓”可謂十分貼切。登上鳳凰樓俯瞰四周，萬般景物盡收眼底，可飽覽盛京全景，也可觀賞日出?！傍P樓曉日”是當(dāng)年著名的盛京八景之一。鳳凰樓門洞上方懸有“紫氣東來”匾，為乾隆皇帝御筆。而乾隆皇帝則是借用這個典故寓意大清的國運(yùn)興起于東方。
各位朋友，穿過鳳凰樓底層的通道后，我們就進(jìn)入了后妃居住的臺上五官。
臺上五官是清寧宮、關(guān)雎宮、麟趾宮、衍慶宮、永福宮。
現(xiàn)在請大家隨我參觀皇太極和皇后的寢宮——清寧宮。
清寧宮東梢門稱“暖閣”，是帝后的臥室。暖閣內(nèi)分南北二室，二室均設(shè)火炕。1643年八月初九，皇太極在暖閣內(nèi)駕崩，終年52歲，后葬于沈陽昭陵，即北陵。
清寧東次間開門，是典型的滿族民居——口袋房，西四門南西北三面都設(shè)火炕，稱“萬字炕”。與漢族有所不同的是，滿族人將煙囪建在屋后，而且從地面向上壘起。這種“口袋房，萬字炕、煙囪豎在地面上”的建筑特點(diǎn)具有濃郁的滿族風(fēng)格了。
各位朋友，現(xiàn)在請隨我去參觀西路建筑。西路建于1782年至1783年，主要包括：戲臺、嘉蔭堂、文溯閣等。
說起文溯閣，我們不能不提到乾隆皇帝和《四庫全書》。出于加強(qiáng)文化統(tǒng)治的需要，乾隆皇帝于1772年下詔訪求天下藏書，歷經(jīng)十余年時(shí)間編成一部大型叢書。該書分經(jīng)、史、子、集四部，所以稱為《四庫全書》。書修成后，抄錄七部，在全國建七座藏書閣分別收藏，沈陽故宮的文溯閣便是其中之一。
第二篇：沈陽故宮導(dǎo)游詞英文版
Hello,everyone!Please allow me to express a warm welcome on behalf of Shenyang citizens.I'm with great pleasure to be your tourist guide and from now on I will show you around Shenyang Imperial Palace,shere the founder of Qing Dynasty Nuerhachi and his son Huangtaiji lived.Shenyang Imperial Palace ,Fuling tomb and Zhaoling Tomb made in the early period of Qing Dynasty are the three famous historical sites in Shenyang .
Shenyang Imperial Palace with a history of over 360 years started in 1625 and was roughly accomplished in 1636 during the reign of Nuerhachi and HuangTaiji. After them four emperors of Qing Dynasty had come back from Beijing to this palace for 10 times and enlarged its area and added its buildings.They were Emperor Kangxi,Qianlong,Jiaqing and Daoguang.Therefore,until 1783 the palace was finally finished.
Shenyang Imperial Palace is one of the two royal palaces well kept in China.The other one is Forbidden City in Beijing.Shenyang Imperial Palace was entitled "Historic Culture Relics Preserved Buildings" in 1961 by the State Council.This palace is an emperor museum combining the architectual styles of the minorities of Man,Han and Mongolia.
This palace covers an area of 60,000 square meters,comprising over 20 courtyards,300 houses and 70 buildings.The whole construction is divided into three sections: the east, middle and west.
First let's pay a visit to the buildings in the buildings in the middle section.The layout of middle section is similar to a Chinese compound with three courtyards.The first courtyard is the office area.It starts from the Grand Qing Gate on the south and ends at Holy Administration Hall.From Phoenix Tower to Purity and Tranquility Hall is the residential area.They all lay out on the same line.
The main entrance to the palace is the Grand Qing Gate,also called Meridian Gate because the emperor considered himself as the son of Heaven and the palace should be the center of universe .The Grand Qing Gate was bulilt in 1632 and is was the place where the civilian offcials and military ministers to present themselves before the emperor daily .The special feature of the gate is the tile color.They are all yellow tiles but engraved with green borders.Yellow synbolizes the ground and the royal right while green represents sea and mountains.The combination of them means controlling the vast areas on the earth.
The building to the east of Grand Qing Gate is called Ancestor Temple(Taimiao)with yellow tile roof,where Nuerhachi's descendants offeredsacrifices to their ancestors for blessings.So Ancestor Temple is the most important.
Please follow me into the gate.This path in the middle links the gate to Holy Administration Hall with Flying Dragon Pavilion (Feilongge) and Flying Phoenix Pavilion(Xiangfengge) on each side.The Hall of Holy Administration is the main building in the middle part of the palace and it was the center of the military,administrative affairs in eatly Qing Dynasty and had witnessed many national ceremories.Flying Dragon and Flying Phoenix Pavilions were for storing music instruments.
Holy Administration Hall was Emperor Huangtaiji's office.In front of the hall are Rigui and Jiangliang,which were used as measure instruments and supposed to be the symbol of unity.
In accient construction,office area is usually in the front part and residential area is in the rear.Since we have visted the place where the Emperors worked and now we'll pay a visite tothe place where empress and concubines lived.Here is the Phoenis Tower.It served as an entrances to the rear chambers and also the entertainment area of Huangtaiji and his concubines,and some gatherings or banquets were held occasionally.The tower was built on a terrace 3.8 meters tall.It was the tallest building in Shenyang at that time .It is amazing watching sunrise in the morning on the tower and Phoenix Sunrise is one of the famous Eight fascinating Scenes in Shenyang.
Look upward ,we will see a board hanging up on Phoenix Tower ,on which Emperor Qianlong inscribed "Ziqidonglai",which meant the Qing Dynasty in Beijing immigrated fron Shengjing,the old name for Shenyang to the east .There are 24staircases leading to Phoenix Tower representing 24 seasonal divisions points in chinese lunar calendar.In Shenyang Imperial palace chambers are higher than halls, which is contrary to the architectural style in Forbidden city in Beijing.
Walking through the tower are the rear chambers.The one on the north in the middle was called Purity and Tranquility Hall,which was prepared for emperor and empress.The other four lying on both sides were fo concubines .Purity and Tranquility Hall has five rooms and the First from the east was where Huangraiji passed away here at the age of 52 without any disease.His throne passed to his ninth son,Fulin.In early Qing Dynasty,the construction style was summed up like this: bag-like house,zigzag bed and chimney sitting on the ground.The main buildings here were different from other buildings with a door was opende in the wall of the east room and the other rooms were connected together like a bag.The zigzag beds,made of mud and brick and with fire and smoke tunnels were called"kang"in Chinese.In order to get heat and keep room warm in winter,tunnels was made under the ground of Purity and Tranquility Hall to put fire and smoke through .Now notice the pole standing on the ground for smoke through.Now notice the pole standing right in the middle of the courtyard.This red pole is called Suolun pole,or Holy Pole.Its round tin container near the top was filled with food for feeding crows.It was said that Nuerhachi was savedby crows.Crows are considered sacred in Manchurian culture though in Chinese culture crows are regarded as birds bringing bad luck.
Emperor Huangtaiji had four concubines.Among the four concubines Chen was loved best by Huangtaiji and Concubine Zhuang was the wisest and the mother of the next emperor,Fulin.Therefore ,she had a special status among the concubines.
The only chimney was built on the rear of Purity and Tranquility hall from the ground with 11 layers ,representing the 11 emperors from Emperor Huangtaiji to the last emperor Puyi.This chimney was the highest one at that time.In Chinese ,the sound of chimeny"tong" is the same as that of unity.
To the north further is rear courtyard called Yuhua Garden.
After visiting the middle section of the palace ,we come to the eastern section.Its representative building is the Great Administration Hall,flanked by Ten Princes Pavilions.This part was built in 1625,and they were the earliest building in Shenyang Imperial Palace.Great Administration Hall is the place ceremonies and handled state affairs.
Great Administration Hall was built with eight sides representing the style of military tent and also Eight Banner military system.Now please look at the ten pavilions,five on each side,which were the offices of the commanders at that time.Here I will give you an introduction to the military system of early Manchurian Period .Nuerhachi divided his troops in four parts and each part was identified by the color of its banner .There sere then four kinds of banner:red,blue,white and yellow banner.As the troops expanded quickly ,another four parts were added and therefore another four kinds of banner were needed .By then there were altogether eight kinds of banner.This army was therefore well known for Eight Banner Army .
The last part of Shenyang Imperial Palace is the western section,built from 1782 to 1783 and during Emperor Qianlong's reign.Its main construction is Book Source Pavilion (Wensuge) with Theater Platform and Good Descendant-benefiting Hall(Jiayintang) in front,Prosperity Administration Stydy (Yangxizhai) and Nine Halls behind.Book Souurce Pavilion(wensuge) was specially designed for storing the encyclopedia compiled at that time,Si Ku Quan Shu.This encyclopedia collected most of the books in Chinese history .Its complication started in 1773.This set of history books is composed of seven sections,more than 36,000 volumes.It took educated persons over 10 years to finish is.When finished,the sholecneyclopedia was duplicated in seven pavilions across China.The other six copies were either damaged during wars or lost.This set is the only one well kept.But the real copy is no longer here and now is restored in the Palace Museum in Beijing and Gansu province library.We can see that Book Source Pavilion covered with black tiles.In Chinese philosophy,black refers water.The pavilion was built for storing books and its biggest threat was fire.So black tiles hinting water covering it on the top as a way of protection .Good Proserty Admiration Study was for Emperor reading while Descendant-benefiting Hall and the Theater Platform consisting of a couryard for Emperor ,his empress and concubines watching plays.
Shenyang Imperial Palace is one of the cultural relics in China and it is the symbol of this city .It is a good combination of diferent nationalities as well as a tourist attraction.And now we have to end our visiting ,I hope you all enjoy it and thank you for your cooperation,goodbye.
第三篇：沈陽故宮導(dǎo)游詞英文版
游客朋友們：
大家好!首先請?jiān)试S我代表沈陽市全體市民對各位的到來表示熱烈歡迎!今天我為大家介紹的就是沈陽的風(fēng)景名勝之一的沈陽故宮”。
沈陽故宮始建于后金天命十年(1620xx年)是清太祖遷都之際草創(chuàng)，清崇德元年(1636年)由皇太極建成。1644年，大清遷都北京，沈陽故宮”從此成為陪都宮殿”。沈陽故宮”是清太祖努爾哈赤和清太宗皇太極修建并使用過的宮殿，距今巳有360余年的歷史。在全國現(xiàn)存宮殿建筑群中，它的歷史價(jià)值和藝術(shù)價(jià)值僅次于北京故宮居全國第二位。它是中國歷史上最后的一個封建王朝的發(fā)祥重地，也是清統(tǒng)一中國后東北地區(qū)政治經(jīng)濟(jì)中心。
沈陽故宮占地6萬多平方米，有樓臺殿閣各式建筑70余座，由20多個院落組成，總計(jì)房屋300多間。故宮按自然布局分為中路、東路和西路三部分。
中路：是太宗皇太極時(shí)期的大內(nèi)宮闕。南端是大清門，也是故宮的正門。向北依次是崇政殿、鳳凰褸、清寧宮，它們都排列在一條中軸線上，兩側(cè)還有一些對稱式的附屬建筑。
大清門是日常朝會時(shí)文武大臣侯朝的地方，也是清太宗接受群臣謝恩之處。明朝著名將領(lǐng)洪承疇降清后，就從此門進(jìn)入，受到皇太極的接見。大清門東側(cè)這處建筑叫祖廟，祖廟是愛新覺羅家族祭祀祖先的地方，因是天子的祖廟也稱太廟”。
順著大清門北面的御路拾階而上，臺正中便是氣勢宏偉被稱作金鑾殿”的政殿。它建于后金天聰六年(1632年)，崇德元年定名為崇政殿。崇政殿為五間九檁硬山式建筑，南北辟有隔扇門，前后是石雕欄桿。殿頂蓋為黃琉璃，十分壯觀。殿內(nèi)掾間繪滿飛云流水，梁架上全部是和璽” 彩繪，給人以高潔典雅之感。殿內(nèi)明堂有堂陛，前是金龍?bào)粗笥匈N金雕龍扇面大屏風(fēng)和金龍寶座，寶座兩側(cè)有鼎式香爐、軒轅鏡和太平有象等裝飾之物。殿前有大月臺，月臺東南角有日晷，西南有嘉量亭，都由大理石雕造而成。在月臺上還設(shè)有四口大缸，都盛滿清水以防水災(zāi)。古代稱它是門海”，來象征缸中水多似海可撲滅火災(zāi)，所以又被稱作是吉祥缸”。因?yàn)楸狈教鞖夂洌悦康蕉?，就要在缸底點(diǎn)燃炭火。崇政殿是清太宗日常朝會議政的地方，1636年皇太極的稱帝大典及清天聰十年四月后金”改國號為大清”的典禮就在這里舉行。1644年清遷都北京后，歷代皇帝東巡時(shí)，都在這里臨朝聽政。
崇政殿前，東西各有五間廂樓，東為飛龍閣，西為翔鳳閣。殿后是一個院落，院正北有一座高約4米的高臺，臺上是皇太極極其后妃的寢區(qū)。沿臺階走上去便是一座金碧輝煌的高樓----鳳凰樓。它的原名叫翔鳳樓，直到1743年才有鳳凰樓之稱。鳳凰樓是清寧宮的門戶，也是皇帝策劃軍政大事和宴筵之所。它與崇政殿同期建成，康熙二十年重修。樓為三層，是三滴水式建筑。每層深廣各三間，周圍有回廊，下層的門洞是聯(lián)絡(luò)臺上臺下的道。風(fēng)凰樓既是后宮的大門，又是整個宮殿建筑的制高點(diǎn)。在樓上觀看日出，極為美妙。所以鳳樓曉日”、鳳樓觀塔”是沈城著名的景觀。鳳凰樓正門上額的紫氣東來”金字橫匾是乾隆皇帝的御筆。
過了鳳凰樓就是太宗皇帝皇太極的后宮了。正中是清寧宮，清寧宮原叫正宮”，是五間十一檁硬山式建筑。東一間是皇太極和孝端文皇后博爾濟(jì)吉特氏的寢宮，稱暖閣。正中隔一間璧，把寢宮分為南北兩室，南北室各有火炕，又稱龍床”。1643年皇太極就在南室端座無疾而終”，終年52歲，后葬于昭陵。西四間為皇帝祭神、行禮的神堂。清寧宮庭院的東南角有一根朱紅色木桿，木桿頂端有錫斗，這木桿叫索倫桿，滿族人稱它為神桿。錫斗內(nèi)放米谷碎肉來喂烏鴉。
清寧宮兩側(cè)是東西配宮，東配宮有關(guān)雎宮、衍慶宮;西配宮有麟趾宮和永福宮。東西配宮均為皇太極和妃子們居住之所。清寧宮西北角有一根由地面壘起，低于屋背的煙囪，人們從正面是看不見的。從清寧宮這一系列建筑中，我們可以發(fā)現(xiàn)沈陽故宮的兩大建筑特點(diǎn)：一是保存了濃厚的滿族特色即口袋房、萬字炕、煙囪豎在地面上。二是宮高殿低，清寧宮及其四所配宮均高于皇帝議政的崇政殿和東路的大政殿。這是因?yàn)榍宄瘖Z取政權(quán)前，滿族是一個牧獵民族，受生活習(xí)慣的影響，把居住的地方建在高處，以防野獸和洪水的侵襲。這與北京故宮恰好相反。
清寧宮高臺之后是后苑”，也叫御花園”，內(nèi)有碾磨房、二十八間倉、后宰門等建筑，是皇帝膳食的供給區(qū)。并有地下窨道與清寧宮相通。
在崇政殿、清寧宮高臺兩側(cè)有東所”、西所”。東所由南往北依次是頤和殿、介祉宮、敬典閣等。東所是東巡時(shí)皇帝后妃給太后請安之處，也皇太后的寢宮和存放實(shí)錄、玉牒之處;西所由南往北依次是迪光殿、保極殿、繼恩齋和崇謨閣等。西所是東巡時(shí)皇帝、后妃及子女居住的地方和存放《圣訓(xùn)》、《滿文老檔》的地方。崇謨閣的建筑形式是別具一格的，它為卷棚式建筑，是在清乾隆年間增建的。
東路是以大政殿為主體，兩側(cè)輔以方亭十座，稱十王亭”。大政殿建于努爾哈赤時(shí)期，是故宮最早期八角重檐大木架亭子式建筑。大政殿下是高約1.5米的須彌座式臺基，周圍繞以雕刻精細(xì)的荷葉凈瓶青石雕。殿身八面均有斧頭眼”式隔扇門，內(nèi)外排柱40根，正門前有雙龍?bào)粗?。殿頂是十六道五彩琉璃脊，正中是寶瓶火焰珠。殿?nèi)有精致的斗拱、藻井天花，梁架上用和璽”彩繪，上有黃琉璃瓦綠剪邊的頂蓋。整個建筑顯示出極強(qiáng)的美感和莊嚴(yán)秀麗的裝飾藝術(shù)情趣。大政殿是皇帝舉行大型慶典的地方，1643年清世祖福臨在此即位。
大政殿前，正中是寬闊的甬道，兩側(cè)以八字形排列著十座方亭，這就是十王亭”。從北至南，東邊是左翼王亭、正黃旗亭、正紅旗亭、鑲藍(lán)旗亭、正白旗亭;西邊是右翼王亭、鑲黃旗亭、鑲紅旗亭、正藍(lán)旗亭、鑲白旗亭。這是當(dāng)年八旗首領(lǐng)固山額真和左右統(tǒng)轄八旗的親王貝勒辦公的地方。八旗制度在清王朝的軍事政治及社會制度，民事管理等等很多方面都占有極為重要的地位，發(fā)揮著巨大的作用。大政殿與十王亭構(gòu)成了一組亭子式院落建筑，它是清入關(guān)前八旗制度在宮殿建筑上的反映。設(shè)計(jì)者從局部建筑直至整體布局，處處突出八”字。這種把軍政制度巧妙地融合在建筑藝術(shù)中的做法，真可算是構(gòu)思獨(dú)特、別具匠心。
西路：以文溯閣為主體，前有戲臺、扮戲房、嘉蔭堂，后有仰熙齋、九間殿。文溯閣于乾隆年間興建而成，是仿明代漸江寧波大藏書家范欽的天一閣”所建。為面闊六間二樓三層硬山式建筑，頂蓋為黑琉璃瓦綠剪邊。根據(jù)五行八卦之說，黑是代表水，文溯閣是專為存貯清代大百科全書《四庫全書》和《古今圖書集成》而建的。書最忌火，以黑瓦為頂象征以水克火之意。文溯閣東有方形碑亭一座，內(nèi)立石碑一塊。碑陽面為乾隆帝撰寫的《文溯閣記》，陰面為《宋孝宗論》。文溯閣東南宮門外有嘉蔭堂，它與南面的戲臺連成一個院落，是專為皇帝準(zhǔn)備的娛樂場所。西路建筑除文溯閣外，其它建筑用卷棚式屋頂，顯得十分別致，富有江南風(fēng)韻。
沈陽故宮是清代遺存下來的最早一組宮殿建筑群，它是國家級重點(diǎn)文物保護(hù)單位，希望大家有機(jī)會來觀光這座氣派非凡的帝王宮殿。謝謝大家。
紫氣東來，出自傳說老子過函谷關(guān)”的故事。傳說當(dāng)年函谷關(guān)令尹喜夢到次日清晨老子要路過函谷關(guān)，于是第二天天沒亮清掃庭院，登上城樓。不久，果然老子騎著青牛，在冉冉紫氣縈繞下，伴著仙樂來到此地，為他寫了五千字文”，這便是道教圣典《道德經(jīng)》。乾隆皇帝題寫的紫氣東來”含意是大清帝國是始于東方的盛京皇宮。今天，有沒有圣人來呢?請大家向東方看一看那吉祥的云彩吧……
傳說：早年，努爾哈赤在明朝總兵李成梁手下做勤務(wù)兵時(shí)，因他腳下長有紅痣，認(rèn)為他是未來奪取大明江山，有帝王之相者，便要除掉他。努爾哈赤聞訊倉皇逃跑，李率兵疾追，就在即將發(fā)現(xiàn)他時(shí)，一群烏鴉落在他的身上，在烏鴉的掩護(hù)下，才得以生還。努爾哈赤數(shù)年后成為后金之主，為感謝烏鴉救命之恩，告喻全族，永不屠鴉。所以索倫桿飼鴉便延續(xù)下來。
八旗制是由努爾哈赤組建起來的，努爾哈赤25歲開始了他用兵圖謀霸業(yè)的戌馬生涯。隨著勢力的壯大，努爾哈赤想建立一支強(qiáng)大而管理有序的軍隊(duì)，于是想到了民間自發(fā)產(chǎn)生的組織牛錄”這種形式。他在1620xx年組建了軍隊(duì)，把每300個戰(zhàn)士組成一個牛錄”，每個牛錄”，打一種顏色的旗，這就是八旗的雛形。1620xx年后金建軍的這一年，他又將4個牛錄”改為8個，在原來4種顏色的旗的基礎(chǔ)上，各鑲上不同顏色的邊，成了8色旗，又把5個牛錄”組成一個甲喇”，把5個甲喇”組成一個固山”，固山”在漢語里的意思是旗，于是真正意義上的八旗便誕生了。
第四篇：沈陽故宮簡介導(dǎo)游詞
大家好!我是小吳，古天由我去帶領(lǐng)大家游覽沈陽故宮。沈陽故宮始修于后金天命十年(1625年)，修成于清崇德元年(1636年)，是清太祖努爾哈赤以及清太宗皇太極營制以及使用過的宮殿。清世祖福臨也曾在這里繼位，改元“順亂”、并于當(dāng)年進(jìn)閉，統(tǒng)亂齊中國。沈陽故宮占地6萬多仄方米，齊部修建計(jì)300多間，共組成20多個院落。按其布局，可分為東路、中路以及西路三大全數(shù)。我們詭計(jì)游用三個小時(shí)的光陰往游覽，現(xiàn)在我們已將到了，大家下車，先聽我說幾句。
首先，我告訴大家，注意的變亂。第一，大家要緊跟我身后，沒有要走拾了。第兩，要在劃定的光陰內(nèi)亂爭集開，假如找沒有到了，請撥打我的手機(jī)。第三，沒有要治扔器材，講衛(wèi)生。第四，堅(jiān)持安靜，沒有要大喊大叫。好了，出收了。
沈陽故宮是中國現(xiàn)存僅次于南京故宮的最完整的皇宮修建。在修建藝術(shù)上承襲了中國今代修建的傳統(tǒng)，集漢、滿、蒙族藝術(shù)為一體，具備很高的”"汗青”"以及藝術(shù)價(jià)格。
大家看，這座占地六萬仄方米的今修建群始修于625年，修成于1636年，齊部修建90余所，300余間。清朝入閉后對盛京皇宮又舉行了回護(hù)以及擴(kuò)修，到坤隆時(shí)基本相成古日規(guī)模。
大家看，沈陽故宮那金龍?bào)粗奶?、崇政殿，排如雁行的十王亭、萬宇炕心袋房的`清寧宮，今樸典俗的文朔閣，和鳳凰樓等高臺修建。在中國宮殿修建史上，絕無唯一;那機(jī)富滿族情調(diào)的“宮高殿低”的修建作風(fēng)，更是“別無分號”。
沈陽老鄉(xiāng)內(nèi)亂爭的大街號“井”字形，故宮就設(shè)在“井”字形大街的中央，占地6萬仄方米，現(xiàn)有今修建114座。次要修建有大政殿，十王亭、大清門、崇政殿、鳳凰樓、清寧宮、文溯閣等。大政殿是用去入行諸如揭曉詔書、戎行出征、迎接將士班師以及皇帝即位等大典之處。十王亭則是右左翼王以及八旗大臣干事之處。這種君臣開署干事于宮廷的現(xiàn)象，表現(xiàn)了”"創(chuàng)業(yè)”"早期君臣仄等的汗青，也是從打世界到坐世界的君臣仄等的延續(xù)。到了進(jìn)閉后，從南京故宮合始，這種仄等被逐漸突破，最終形成了高高在上的君王。
二端高聳的修建是沈陽故宮里僅有的煙囪。故宮里每一個房間的炕火都從地下的通敘匯聚到這個煙囪里，這是他們金甌無缺的思想的象征。這個煙囪共有11級，最下面一級只需三塊磚構(gòu)成。導(dǎo)游說，這個金甌無缺的煙囪反而成了清朝的讖語：清朝共有11位皇帝，最后的宣統(tǒng)帝只作了三年江山，等于那三塊磚的預(yù)示。想當(dāng)年努爾哈赤在建修這個金甌無缺煙囪的時(shí)候，假如早知云云，一定會加多幾層吧?!
上面，請大家自由觀光。三個小時(shí)后在這里定時(shí)集開。
第五篇：沈陽故宮簡介導(dǎo)游詞
游客朋友們大家好，歡迎大家來到沈陽故宮。沈陽故宮始建于公元1625年，是中國現(xiàn)存的兩座古代帝王宮殿之一。也是舉世僅存的滿族風(fēng)格宮殿建筑群，具有很高的歷史價(jià)值，文化價(jià)值和藝術(shù)價(jià)值。2004年，聯(lián)合國教科文組織正式將沈陽故宮列入《世界遺產(chǎn)名錄》。
沈陽故宮經(jīng)過三次大規(guī)模的建設(shè)，形成了東、中、西三路格局。首先我們看到的是中路建筑的大清門，大清門俗稱午門，也就是沈陽故宮的正門。是當(dāng)時(shí)文武群臣候朝的地方，也是清太宗皇太極接受群臣謝恩之處。
我們穿過大清門，現(xiàn)在正面的建筑就是崇政殿。崇政殿原名正殿，俗稱金鑾殿。是沈陽路最重要的建筑。它是皇太極日常處理軍政要務(wù)、接見外國使臣和少數(shù)民族代表的地方。
走出崇政殿，眼前的雄偉建筑就是鳳凰樓。鳳凰樓原名翔鳳樓，是皇太極休息、宴會和讀書之所。我們看到正門上方懸掛的“紫氣東來”橫匾，它是由乾隆皇帝手諭的。
穿過鳳凰樓，我們來到的這一處院落就是皇太極的后宮。我們最先看到的`是皇太極的中宮“清寧宮”。出了清寧宮，現(xiàn)在大家看到的這四座寢宮分別是：關(guān)雎宮、麟趾宮、衍慶宮、永福宮。我們來逐一參觀。
沈陽故宮東路建筑主要包括大政殿和十王亭。從建筑形式上看它們都是“亭子式”建筑，好像11座“帳殿”依次排列在寬闊的廣場中。
沈陽故宮西路是為了適應(yīng)皇帝東巡的需要而增建的一組建筑，主要有文溯閣、戲臺、嘉蔭堂和仰熙殿等，套院相接，多而不亂，是文化氣息較濃之處。
好了，沈陽故宮我就為大家介紹到這里，希望我的講解能給大家留下深刻印象。
第六篇：英語沈陽故宮導(dǎo)游詞
Today we are visiting Shenyang Palace Museum. As we all know, Shenyang is "the birthplace of one dynasty, the capital of two emperors", full of rhyme, fresh wind and rich historical flavor. Shenyang famous building has "one palace and two mausoleums", and this palace is the magnificent building in front of us - Shenyang Palace Museum.
Shenyang Palace Museum was called "Shengjing Palace" when it was first built. After the Qing Dynasty moved its capital to Beijing, it was also called "the palace of the accompanying capital" and "the palace of the remaining capital", and it was known as "the holy relic of the early Republic of China". It was first built in 1625 (the tenth year of emperor Tianming of the later Jin Dynasty) and completed in 1636 (the first year of Chongde of the Qing Dynasty). It was built and used by Nurhachi and Huangtaiji of the Qing Dynasty. In 1643, Emperor Fulin of the Qing Dynasty ascended to the throne and changed to Shunzhi. So Shenyang can also be said to be "the birthplace of one dynasty and the capital of Three Emperors".
Shenyang Palace Museum covers an area of more than 60000 square meters, with more than 100 buildings and more than 500 rooms. According to its layout, it can be divided into three parts: East Road, middle road and West Road. East Road is the part of the building we can see in front of us. It was built in Nurhachi period and has strong Manchu characteristics. The buildings on the East Road mainly include Dazheng hall and Shiwang Pavilion. You can see that the octagonal hall in the middle of the square is Dazheng hall. Dazheng hall, also known as "Da yamen" and "Du Gong hall", is the place where Nurhachi attends and works. Dazheng hall is 18 meters high, under which there is a 1.5-meter-high xumizuo platform surrounded by exquisitely carved blue stone fence. It is an octagonal pavilion building with double eaves and a sharp top. The top of the hall is yellow glazed tile with green trimming. In the center is the sharp top of the vase flame beads. (the vase is a Buddhist weapon, which is regarded as a sacred thing, and the flame beads are Ruyi beads. It is said that those who get this bead can satisfy all kinds of desires. )There are eight colorful glass ridges on the top and bottom of the double eaves. On each ridge stands a Mongolian strongman, with his face facing the top, his legs slightly bent and his side drawn, which symbolizes the unity of all directions. The 10 pavilions on both sides are the ten King pavilions. From the overall architectural layout, the main hall is in the middle. There are 10 pavilions on both sides, from north to south, unfolding in the shape of eight characters, which makes the main hall more far-reaching visually. This kind of spatial processing is only one example in Chinese palace architecture. Shiwang Pavilion is also known as "eight flag Pavilion". Some tourists may think of the eight flag Pavilion (to the East are left wing Pavilion, yellow flag Pavilion, white flag Pavilion, white flag Pavilion and blue flag Pavilion). In the West are the right wing Wang Ting, the right yellow flag Pavilion, the right red flag Pavilion, the red flag Pavilion and the blue flag Pavilion. There should be eight pavilions. What are the other two pavilions? The pavilions at the left and right ends near the main hall are the left wing Wang Ting and the right wing Wang Ting, which are the offices of the left and right wing princes. The eight flag Pavilion is the office of the eight flag leader. This pattern of building the hall of King Han's hearing together with the pavilions of princes and ministers of eight banners waiting for the court to discuss affairs was decided by the Eight Banners system of military and political integration at the beginning of Nurhachi's rise. It reflects the historical features of Nurhachi's later years, when he was the sole leader of a Khan and the ruling party of Bahe shuobel.
To the west, you come to the middle road of Shenyang Palace Museum. The buildings on the middle road are mainly built in the period of Huangtaiji, where many historical stories are staged. Shenyang Palace Museum middle road building has its own system, a total of three courtyard. From south to north, there are daqingmen, Chongzheng Hall, fenghuanglou and Qingning palace. They are all arranged on a central axis, and there are some symmetrical ancillary buildings on both sides.
Daqingmen is the main gate of Shenyang Palace Museum, commonly known as Meridian Gate. We just entered the Palace Museum from there. (daqingmen is a five room hard mountain building). At that time, daqingmen was not allowed to enter or leave as casually as it is now. Daqingmen was not only the place where civil and military officials were waiting for the court. It is also the place where Huang Taiji accepted the gratitude of the officials. At that time, after the Ming Dynasty's famous generals Hong Chengchou and Zu dashou came to the Qing Dynasty, they knelt down in front of the gate of the Qing Dynasty to apologize for their surrender, waiting for orders to summon them, and were received by Huang Taiji. When an official is promoted or given a pardon, he has to kowtow to the "Chongzheng Hall" at the north gate.
You can see that the solemn hall in front of us is Chongzheng Hall. The former name of Chongzheng Hall is "main hall", commonly known as "Jinluan hall". It is the place where Huang Taiji deals with military and political affairs, receives foreign envoys and frontier minority representatives. Chongzheng Hall is a five room nine Lin hard mountain style building. The most eye-catching places are the yellow glazed tile green trimming on the top of the hall, the colorful glazed components of Longtou, Bofeng, Longkou, peak and ridge, as well as the colorful dragon and auspicious animals in relief, which make the whole hall more noble, solemn and spectacular. Another ingenuity of Chongzheng Hall is that the upper part of the two front and rear external eaves columns is shaped like a dragon. The dragon's head protrudes from the column head, and the dragon's body passes through the corridor directly into the hall. The posture is vivid, as if the dragons are flying out of the hall. It has dual functions of structure and decoration, and the design is very ingenious.
Around the Chongzheng Hall, we can see the Phoenix building. The vestibule of the Phoenix building is located in the middle of the "former dynasty and later bedroom", which is a transitional courtyard. The Phoenix building is built on a 3.8-meter-high blue brick platform. The platform has 24 steps, which symbolizes the 24 solar terms. Every 24 solar terms is a year. The emperor steps on the 24 platform every day, which means that the Qing Dynasty can go through thousands of years The Fenghuang tower is a three story building with a height of 18.31 meters. It was originally called Fengxiang tower. It is a place for Huang Taiji to rest, hold banquets and read books. In 1743 (the eighth year of the reign of Emperor Qianlong), it was changed to its current name. The gold plaque of "Ziqi Donglai" hanging above the main door of Fenghuang building was written by Emperor Qianlong. It means that the Great Qing Dynasty's national strength and prosperity came from the eastern capital. It expresses the Qing emperors' worship for the place where their ancestors started their business. Fenghuanglou is not only the gate of the back palace, but also the highest building in Shengjing city at that time. Therefore, it has the reputation of "Fenglou Xiaoyue" and "Fenglou guanta", and is listed as one of the Eight Sights of Shengjing city.
Through the Phoenix Tower, we are now in the back palace of Huang Taiji, the residence of Huang Taiji and his concubines. The overall architecture of the back palace is higher than that of the previous dynasty. This feature of "high palace and low Palace" reflects the traditional living habits of the Manchu people.
For the characteristic buildings of the harem, there is a popular saying: Pocket room, ten thousand character Kang and chimney falling on the ground. What is a pocket room? You can see that the front and back porch building in front of us is the Qingning palace. You can see that there are five rooms in the palace, and the door is not opened in the middle, but in the south of the east two rooms, which is like a pocket. Qingning palace, originally known as the "main palace", is the most characteristic building of Manchu residence in Shenyang Imperial Palace. The east one is the bedroom of Huang Taiji and empress xiaoduanwen (boljijit's family). In 1643 (the eighth year of Chongde), Huang Taiji ended up sitting on the South Kang. Later, he was buried in Zhaoling. What's the matter with the Wanzi Kang? You can see that the West three rooms of the palace are connected, and the north, West and South three sides are connected to form a ring Kang, which is like "Wanzi Kang", so people commonly call it "Wanzi Kang". What's the matter with "chimney falling on the ground"? The chimney of the palace of Qingning is behind the palace of Qingning, which is built from the ground, slightly lower than the ridge of the house. We can bypass it later Go to see. At that time, there was such a ban that the chimneys of all common people's houses were not allowed to be higher than those of the Imperial Palace, implying that the Qing Dynasty "ruled the country.",
The East-West Palace on both sides of Qingning Palace (the East Palace is about Ju palace and Yanqing palace, and the West Palace is about Linzhi palace and Yongfu Palace) is where the concubines live. The most famous one is Yongfu palace where Zhuang Fei lives, because in 1638 (the third year of Chongde), Qing Shizu Fulin was born in Yongfu palace.
(a tourist just asked what the tall pole at the south end of the main gate of the courtyard of Qingning palace is for. It's the Solon pole. The Manchu people call it the "God pole", which is used by Manchu people to worship heaven. When offering sacrifices to heaven, the tin bucket at the top was filled with grains and pig scraps to worship crows. This reflects the worship concept of spirit birds of Manchu Shamanism and is said to be related to the legend of the Savior of crows. )
Next we come to Shenyang Palace Museum West Road. The west road was built to meet the needs of the emperor's eastward tour. It was built during the reign of Emperor Qianlong. The main buildings are Wensu Pavilion, stage, Jiayin hall and Yangxi Zhai. The courtyard is connected with each other, and Dor is not chaotic. It is a place with strong cultural flavor.
Wenzhuge was built from 1781 (Qianlong 46) to 1783 (Qianlong 48). It is the main building in the west road. It was built after the Tianyi Pavilion of Fan Qin, a great calligrapher in Ningbo, Zhejiang Province in the Ming Dynasty. It specially collects the large-scale book Sikuquanshu compiled during the Qianlong period. It is also one of the seven famous pavilions in China to store Sikuquanshu. The name of the pavilion was determined by Emperor Qianlong because it is located in the ancestor The birthplace of "Shengjing", so take the meaning of "tracing the origin" named "wensuge". (Sikuquanshu is composed of four parts: classics, history, books and collections. Its structure is rigorous. It is a precious heritage in ancient Chinese literature and is of great significance to carry forward and spread national culture. )In October 1966, based on the consideration of war preparedness, Liaoning Province secretly transported Sikuquanshu to Lanzhou and then transferred it to Gansu Provincial Library.
Wenzhuge is a hard mountain style building with six rooms wide. It has two stories of double eaves on the outside and three stories on the inside, with obvious architectural style of Jiangnan. Different from other buildings in Shenyang Palace Museum, the roof of Wensu Pavilion is decorated with black glazed tiles and green trimming, which is unique in Shenyang Palace Museum. According to the five elements and eight trigrams, black represents water, and fire is the most taboo in books. Black tile is the top symbol of water conquering fire.
There is a square stele Pavilion in the east of Wensu Pavilion and a stone tablet inside. The front is engraved with Emperor Qianlong's inscription on imperial wenzhuge, and the back is engraved with Emperor Qianlong's treatise on Song Xiaozong. The inscription records in detail the process of building the pavilion and the collection of Sikuquanshu.
In front of the pavilion, there is a Jiayin hall outside the palace, a corridor on the left and right, and a stage in the south. It is the place where the emperor visited the East during the Qianlong and Jiaqing periods.
Dear tourists, my explanation ends here. Next, you can move freely, but please pay attention to personal and property safety. Please remember our gathering time and place. Thank you!
