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第一篇:五臺山菩薩頂導游詞
這就是五臺山最富麗堂皇,也是最大的喇嘛寺――菩薩頂。它坐落在五臺山中心區(qū)靈鷲峰頂。靈鷲峰頂,傳說就是文殊菩薩居住、說法、演教的地方,故此而稱菩薩頂。菩薩頂?shù)乃旅小按笪氖馑隆彼追Q“菩薩頂寺”。它還有另一個名字叫“真容院”,這個稱謂還有一段神話故事:相傳寺建成時,有一名叫安生的塑工不招而來,請求建寺的高僧講述文殊菩薩的真容,高僧說:“佛法無邊,大圣德像我又怎么說得清呢?”于是他們共同祈求菩薩顯身,七天后,忽于云際顯現(xiàn)金像,逐圖模塑成佛像,因此而稱真容院。
其實,菩薩頂創(chuàng)建于北魏,以后歷代都曾加以重修。明代永樂年間,蒙古、西藏的黃教喇嘛到五臺山寺院常住,菩薩頂逐漸成了他們集中活動的場所。在清代,國家以黃教懷柔蒙古,因而五臺山的喇嘛教也特別隆盛。菩薩頂寺是五臺山黃教首領(lǐng)扎薩克大喇嘛住持的地方,也是皇帝和蒙古諸王朝拜五臺山時最主要的圣跡和佛剎,因此,菩薩頂?shù)乃聫R建筑是參照皇家的宮廷造型營建的。建筑在靈鷲峰頂?shù)膶訉拥钣?,?guī)模宏偉,十分壯麗,殿宇上覆蓋著黃綠藍三彩琉璃瓦,金碧輝煌,雄冠臺山,是五臺山最大的黃廟(喇嘛寺)。
這里簡單介紹一下青、黃廟。五臺山的寺廟,總稱青黃廟。青廟是漢地佛教寺廟,為身穿青衣僧(即和尚)所住,青衣僧大部為漢族,少數(shù)為蒙族;黃廟是藏傳佛教寺廟,為身穿黃衣僧(即喇嘛)所住,黃衣僧有漢喇嘛、藏喇嘛、蒙喇嘛,還有少數(shù)滿喇嘛。青衣僧(和尚)又分為兩種,一種是十方僧(游方僧),這種僧人拜師落發(fā)行動方便,一生以參禪游訪寺廟為目的,五臺山最大的游方僧寺廟是碧山寺;一種是子孫僧,坐守寺廟,生產(chǎn)念經(jīng),一直到老死,子孫僧又稱家傳僧。
在清代,菩薩頂寺禪堂齋房甚多,有殿院、方丈院、客堂院、茶房院、庫房院、買賣院、馬房院、長壽院、十八間樓院等幾十所殿院。從南至北,占地約長0.5公里。據(jù)歷史文獻記載,清代的嘉慶皇帝朝拜五臺山時,菩薩頂寺有喇嘛561人。最盛時,菩薩頂寺“內(nèi)住三千喇嘛”。平時分成幾百個“門子(伙食單位)”食宿。只有在舉辦重大的佛事活動時才集體用餐。寺中現(xiàn)存有舉辦大型法會時煮粥用的大銅鍋好幾口。
文殊殿是供奉傳說中的文殊菩薩真容的大殿。重建于清代,闊三楹,進深二架,單檐廡殿頂,殿頂覆蓋琉璃黃瓦,歷經(jīng)幾百個寒暑,色澤依然如新。大殿的殿脊正中,又置金碧輝煌的鎏金****。大殿四周圍副階周匝,石雕回廊環(huán)護,把殿堂烘托得更加富麗堂皇,殿內(nèi)佛壇上供文殊駕狻猊彩色泥塑像,東西兩側(cè)的佛壇上則供十八羅漢塑像。菩薩頂?shù)奈氖馄兴_真容殿,是朝山信徒必定要參詣禮拜之處。漢地佛教徒朝拜時,一般是供奉、焚香和跪拜。蒙藏少數(shù)民族佛教徒朝拜時,則行“五體投地禮”,即頭和四肢同時爬俯于地,十分恭敬和虔誠。殿內(nèi)有藏族佛教徒供奉的藏畫12幅,畫面用赤金和五彩石質(zhì)顏料工筆畫成,是藏畫中的精品。
大雄寶殿,是寺里舉行大型佛事活動的主要場所。大殿四周有石雕的回廊環(huán)護,前面則與卷棚重檐式的獻殿連為一體,雕梁畫棟金碧輝煌,內(nèi)供釋迎、彌陀、彌勒三世佛。在這座莊嚴的大雄寶殿里,我國藏傳佛教的大活佛、班禪,朝拜五臺山時都曾在這里講經(jīng)說法。同時,全國人大常務委員會副委員長班禪額爾德尼卻吉堅贊生前于1980年參拜五臺山時,也曾在菩薩頂寺大雄寶殿講經(jīng)說法。
在等級森嚴的舊社會里,只有皇家建筑才能覆蓋黃琉璃瓦。為了表示對文殊菩薩的崇拜,康熙二十二年(公元1684年)春,康熙皇帝救命“改覆本寺大殿琉璃黃瓦”。康熙二十年(公元1692年)春,又敕命“闔寺改覆琉璃黃瓦。”
同時,為了保護這座具有特殊地位的寺廟,康熙二十三年(公元1685年)三月,康熙皇帝又救命“于菩薩頂前后門設宮永鎮(zhèn),把總(正七品武官)一員,馬兵十名,步兵三十名,守護香火供器?!?/p>
在清代,五臺山的喇嘛教事務,除鎮(zhèn)海寺等六所黃廟歸章嘉呼圖克圖管轄外,絕大多數(shù)喇嘛寺則歸扎薩克大喇嘛統(tǒng)率。扎薩克大喇嘛住在菩薩頂寺,全稱“欽命管理五臺山喇嘛事務掌印扎薩克大喇嘛”?!霸_克”是官名,蒙古語的音譯,意為“執(zhí)政”。其來歷是:清康熙為給其非婚生子找尋出路,就令出家于菩薩頂,并任命為丹巴扎薩克大喇嘛,隨后又將山內(nèi)十個青廟即:羅T寺、壽寧寺、三泉寺、玉花寺、七佛寺、金剛窟、善財洞、普庵寺、臺麓寺、涌泉寺等改為黃廟,此十寺的僧人亦隨之變?yōu)辄S衣僧(喇嘛),五臺山的漢喇嘛即在此時產(chǎn)生。
從清代直至解放前,扎薩克大喇嘛為五臺山黃教主要教主,并以教兼政;民國初年,有十九世章嘉活佛住五臺山鎮(zhèn)海寺。鎮(zhèn)海寺是統(tǒng)管北京、西寧、五臺山等地黃教的衙門,當時的國民政府并給予大國師的名稱,并派精銳部隊一營保護,十九世章嘉活佛又先后將文殊寺,廣化寺,集福寺,慈福寺,普樂院等五處,變?yōu)樗南略?,稱為佛 當我們參觀完菩薩頂從這“靈峰勝境”牌樓前下頂時,不知大家注意到?jīng)]有,在五臺山難以數(shù)計的石雕獅子當然都有舌頭,惟有在“靈峰勝境”牌樓右側(cè)蹲臥的一座石獅卻沒有舌頭,對此還有一個傳說故事。
公元1714年,相傳在立這座“靈峰勝境”牌樓時,做飯的和尚每天要做50個人的飯。牌樓竣工后,在雕鑿石獅那幾天,出現(xiàn)了怪現(xiàn)象,每天三頓飯,吃飯的人不變,下鍋的米數(shù)也不變,惟有早晨這頓飯,總是不夠吃,不是差一點,而是差得多,逼著做飯的和尚不得不做第二次。每天早飯都如此。誰也說不出這是什么原因。有一天,做飯的和尚發(fā)現(xiàn)鍋臺上有獸蹄的爪印,他才恍然大悟:“每天早飯不夠吃,是你們干的呀!”第二天一早,做飯的和尚把飯煮好后,自己躲在水缸后偷偷觀看,工夫不大,只見兩只獅子一前一后走進來,走在前面的那只獅子扒拉開鍋蓋,就大口大口地吃起來,走在后面的那只獅子四下望一眼,也就跟著吃起來,一吃就是半鍋。事后,做飯的和尚將見到階情況告訴了管事的老僧。
翌日,管事的老僧將一把特制的銳利刀片藏在飯鍋里。當獅子將頭伸進飯鍋里,就聽見“喊”地一聲嚎叫,轉(zhuǎn)身就跑,另一只也跟著奪路而逃,可是走在前面的那只獅子的舌頭已被刀片割掉了。
當天下午,管事的老僧來到“靈峰勝境”牌樓下,看見右側(cè)蹲臥的石獅的舌頭沒有了,就哈哈地對它說:“原來偷吃飯的就是你呀!”那只石獅子羞羞答答地點點頭,承認了偷吃的錯誤??墒菦]有多久,這兩只獅子還是照樣下來偷吃。后來,在一百零八級石階前面修建一座照壁,才擋住了它們,而那只沒有舌頭的石獅子,也就一直“餓著肚子”守候到如今。
第二篇:旅行英語口語:五臺山中英雙語導游詞
?無憂考網(wǎng)英語口語頻道為大家整理的旅行英語口語:五臺山中英雙語導游詞,供大家參考! Mount Wutai Nominated World Heritage Sites:Mount Wutai, is constituted by two parts:Taihuai core area Geographic coordinate is N39°E113°,and Foguang temple core area Geographic coordinate is N38°E113°, the core area is 18415 hectares and the buffer zone area is 42312 hectares. 世界遺產(chǎn)提名地:五臺山,由兩部分組成:臺懷核心區(qū)和佛光寺核心區(qū),核心區(qū)面積18415公頃,緩沖區(qū)42312公頃。 located in Wutai County of Xinzhou City the northeastern of Shanxi Province China. 位于中國山西省東北部忻州市五臺縣境內(nèi)?! s made of the oldest stratum in the world which is more than 2.5 billion years. 由大于25億年的世界古老地層構(gòu)成 It has 5 peaks in north south east west and center, the peak is 3061 meters above sea level which is called as “the ridge of Northern China” 有東西南北中五座山峰,峰3061米,被譽為“華北屋脊” The mountaintops are flat and wide commonly known as platform, so it was called the Five Flat-top Mountains. 五座山峰頂部平坦寬廣,俗稱臺頂,因此得名五臺山?! ount Wutai has a magnificent natural landscape and a rich geological heritage, 五臺山自然景觀奇?zhèn)ス妍?,地質(zhì)遺產(chǎn)豐富 Its unique palaeotectonic relics, rare periglacial and glacier land form, 其獨特的古地質(zhì)構(gòu)造遺跡,稀有的冰原冰川地貌景觀 and valuable species and ecological resources, 珍貴物種和生態(tài)資源 serves as a typical evidence of an important period in the history of earth evolution. 使其成為代表地球演變史重要階段的典型例證 The age of various rock units of granite and greenstone belts in Mount Wutai is around 2.6 to 2.5 billion years, 五臺山花崗巖~綠巖帶的年齡在26至25億年 and it's exposed in the great height difference of the new generation of mountains and valleys, 并且出露于高差巨大的新生代山脈和山谷內(nèi) various levels of rocks exposed to surface. 各種層次巖石組成良好出露地表 And it has time continuity and irreplaceability in geological time. 在地質(zhì)時代上具有時間的連續(xù)性和不可替代性 The displayed rich geological phenomenon is irreplaceability in the world. 所展示的豐富地質(zhì)現(xiàn)象在世界范圍內(nèi)也具有不可替代性 Campared with those well known mountains around the world its long history of geological evolution is very rare, 其漫長的地質(zhì)演化史在世界山峰中非常罕見 And it became field visit location in many international geological conferences and is the classic geological research area in China. 成為多次地質(zhì)會議的考察地及中國經(jīng)典的地質(zhì)研究地區(qū) The granite-greenstone belt of Mount Wutai also led to the formation of typical Neoarchean collision orogenic belts, 五臺山花崗巖~綠巖帶構(gòu)成典型的新太古代碰撞造山帶 it fully revealing the early collision orogen structure sectionand different levels of crustal, 完整展示出早期碰撞造山帶構(gòu)造剖面及不同地殼層次 and has typical geological evolution significance. 具有典型的地質(zhì)演化意義 Therefore ,Mount Wutai is key evidence for studies of the Archean plate tectonics and the collision orogenic belts. 是研究太古宙板塊構(gòu)造與碰撞造山帶的關(guān)鍵例證 The geochronological boundary of the Archean and Proterozoic Eons, is considered as the most important geological events in tectonic evolution. 太古宙到遠古宙界限被認為是地殼演化最重要的地質(zhì)事件 During this period, the Earth has undergone profound changes. 地球在這一時期發(fā)生了深刻變化 International Commission on Stratigraphy proposes that the line of demarcation be drawn at 2.5 billion years ago. 國際地層委員會建議這一界限年代應劃分在25億年前 Mount Wutai Reserve many unconformities interface before and after 2.5 billion years, 五臺山保留有多個25億年前后的不整個界面 and has clear lines of demarcation between different stages of geological evolution, 具有明顯的地質(zhì)演化階段性 it's also involving the radical environmental changes of continental extensions after the end of the collision orogeny(2.5billion years)?! ∩婕暗湫桶鍓K碰撞造山結(jié)束,向板內(nèi)伸展環(huán)境的劇烈變化 They provide sound conditions for setting off the boundaries of the Archean and Proterozoic Eons, 非常有利于劃分太古宙~遠古宙界限 and is typical area for establishing the Archean Proterozoic boundary before 2.5 billion years. 是建立太古宙~遠古宙界限的典型地區(qū) It's also bearing comparable value to universal geological studies. 具有全球地質(zhì)對比價值 Mount Wutai keeps a complete records of the Paleoproterozoic strata before 2.5-1.9 billion years, 五臺山保留完整的古元古代地層記錄(2.5~1.9億年) there are well-preserved early weathering crusts, ancient red bed as well as rich records of stromatolites in the stratigraphic sections. 地層剖面保留了早期古風化殼、古紅層及異常豐富的疊層石記錄 There is a rich reserve of paleofloral fossils in the Doucun Subgroup of Mount Wutai, 五臺山豆村帶群中發(fā)現(xiàn)了豐富的古植物化石 and they are the earliest China's Eukaryotic organisms before 2.4 billion years, 并有中國已知最古老的真殼生物化石(24億年前) it's 600-700 million years earlier than the previously acclaimed oldest Eukaryotic fossil record. 比先前認為的最古老真殼生物化石記錄早6至7億年 In this regard Mount Wutai is valuable to the understanding of earlier evolution of life. 對認識早期生命演化具有重要價值 Compared with other ancient planation surfaces of East Asia, 與東亞其他古夷體面相比 Mount Wutai is a typhical example of the Cenozoic continental extension and of the fault block orogeny. 五臺山為早期寒武紀地殼中新生代伸展、斷塊造山活動的典型代表 There is several thousand meters of altitude differerce between the top of ancient razed plane and the buried deep of the sedimentary basins of North China which is very rare in East Asia. 其臺頂古夷平面與華北斷陷盆地中深埋夷平面之間達到數(shù)千米的高差,在整個東亞非常罕見 The ancient planation surfaces of Mount Wutai have became one of the most important symbols in the comparative study of Cenozoic tectonic and landscape evolution in North China, 成為中國北方地形演化研究對比的最重要標志,也是中國北方最古老的山地夷平面 in this sense, Mount Wutai has typhical significance to the entire East Asia region, 在整個東亞地區(qū)具有典型的代表意義 and being an important example to the Cenozoic extensional tectonic evolution, and the basin and mountain relationship in the east part of the Asia continent. 是亞洲大陸東部新生代伸展構(gòu)造演化及其盆地作用的重要例證 The time-honored Buddhism cultural continuity, the glorious artistic achievements, 五臺山其歷史久遠的佛教文化傳承,燦爛恢宏的藝術(shù)成就 the spectacular ancient Buddhist temple complex and those profound cultural accumulation, 恢宏壯觀的佛教古寺廟建筑群等深厚的文化積淀 makes Mount Wutai occupied an important position in China and the world Buddhism development. 使五臺山在中國和世界佛教發(fā)展的歷史長河中占據(jù)了極其重要的地位 With over 1600 years continuous Buddhism practice Mount Wutai has become the center of the reverence of Maniusri Bodhisattva. 成為持續(xù)1600余年的佛教文殊信仰中心 It is the most recognized Buddhism Mountain in China and is considered as one of the five Buddhism holy land in the world. 位居中國四大佛教名山之首,世界五大佛教圣地之一 The Buddhist buildings at Mount Wutai is the world leading in terms of the long time span and the large scgle, and are among the best in the world. 五臺山佛教建筑群無論時間跨度之長還是規(guī)模之宏大,都在世界范圍內(nèi) In its 15 centuries' development, Mount Wutai gradually formed ambitious Buddhist buildings. 五臺山在長達15個世紀的發(fā)展中,逐漸形成了宏大的佛教建筑群 In terms of the size the temple buildings here are virtually matchless no matter in China or in the world. 其寺廟建筑的規(guī)模不論在中國還是在世界上都是鮮有的 During the Northern Qi Period (AD551-557) there had been more than 200 temples, and the figure rose to over 360 in the prime time of Tang Dynasty (AD618-907)?! ”饼R時,五臺山就有寺廟200多座,唐代最多是達360余座 So far, Mount Wutai still reserve 68 temples and over 150 pagodas built in seven differert dynasties since Tang. 至今,五臺山仍保存有唐以來7個朝代的寺廟68座,佛塔150余座 These temples are vary in size and architectural configuration. 這些寺廟規(guī)模大小不一,形制布局各有特色 For instance, with over 400 halls, pavilions and monks'abodes, the XianTong Temple is known for its extension of space and all buildings here look grand. 如顯通寺,寺宇開闊,殿宇宏偉,計有殿堂樓閣,禪房僧舍等400余間 The Bishan Temple consists of 3-bay courtyards with a total number of 108 assembly and meditation halls. 碧山寺為三進院落,計有殿堂禪堂108間, Within the 1123-hectare boundary of the Taihuai Proposed Core Zone,而在五臺山臺懷寺廟集中區(qū)僅僅11.23平方千米的范圍內(nèi) there are 24 temples and the number of singular buildings are countless. 就分布著寺廟24座,其中的單體建筑更是數(shù)不勝數(shù) Together, these buildings constitute a sizable grand simple,yet sublime temple ensemble in harmony with the nature. 形成了一個規(guī)模龐大,宏偉壯觀,古樸莊嚴,與自然環(huán)境和諧一致的寺廟建筑群 Mount Wutai is a nominated heritage site where coexist the holy objects of the Han and Tibetan Buddhism which bearing witness to the seamless blend of the Han and Tibetan cultures. 五臺山是漢藏佛教物質(zhì)遺存共存的遺產(chǎn)提名地,漢藏文化融匯無痕 Mount Wutai is one of the four most famous sacred places of Buuhism in China and the meeting point of the Han and Tibetan Buddhism. 五臺山不僅是中國佛教四大名山之一,而且也是漢藏佛教匯集之地 Since the introduction of Tibetan Buddhism, Mount Wutai has become one of the most important centers for the development of Tibetan Buddhism in the non- Tibetan central areas. 自藏傳佛教傳入五臺以來,這里就成為藏傳佛教在中原內(nèi)地的重要發(fā)展中心 In this sense, Tibetan Buddhism at Mount Wutai has therefore become a link between the central and local Mongolian and Tibetan affairs, 五臺山藏傳佛教也因之成為連接中央和蒙藏地方關(guān)系的紐帶 and an important bridge for cultural exchanges between the Han, Tibetan, Mongolian people. 以及漢藏蒙等民族文化交流的橋梁 Historically, Mount Wutai has helped generations of monarchs in the solution of the problems related to different ethnic groups. 歷,五臺山也在中央統(tǒng)治者處理民族宗教問題中發(fā)揮著重要作用 At the Prime time of Qing Dynasty there were 122 temples and monasteries at Mount Wutai, 在清代鼎盛時期,五臺山共有青黃廟122座 in which 25 temples are following the Tibetan Buddhism and 97 are following the Han Buddhism. 其中黃廟25座,青廟97座 Up to now, there are 7 Tibetan lamaseries existent, and more than 40 Han Buddhism monasteries existent within the circle formed by the five terracess. 至今,臺內(nèi)古建筑群中仍遺存著大規(guī)模黃廟7座,青廟40余座 Mount Wutai has played an active role in the fusion and development of the Han and Tibetan Buddhism. 五臺山在漢藏佛教的融合與發(fā)展方面起到了非常重要的積極作用 Like other similar heritage site it has contributed greatly to the development of the Buddhist culture. 與其他類似遺產(chǎn)地一樣,為佛教文化的發(fā)展做出了突出的貢獻 Mount Wutai is the center of Manjusri worship in the world of Buddhism, 五臺山是世界佛教的文殊信仰中心 it is recorded in the “Avatamsaka Sutra” translated in the Jin Dynasty that Mount Wutai is the bodhimanda of Manjusri. 據(jù)佛教華嚴經(jīng)記載,五臺山是文殊菩薩的道場 The establishment and the spread of Manjusri worshipat at Mount Wutai converted it into the of the four Buddhist sacred mountains in China in the middle of the Tang Dynasty. 五臺山文殊信仰的確立和推廣使五臺山在唐代中葉就成了中國佛教四大名山之首, It was the Buddhist “capital” of China comparable to the Vulture Peak of India. 中國佛教的首府,與印度靈鷲山爭俊的佛教圣地 In the past 1000 years Mount Wutai has gone beyond the limitations of regions nationalities religious sects, 在一千多年間,五臺山超越了地區(qū)和民族,超越了不同教派 the succession of dynasties, the difference between the monarches and the common pilgrims, 超越了朝代更迭,超越了君主和平民香客的界限 and become the Buddhist center of Manjusri worship with far-reaching influence felt even nowadays. 成為至今仍產(chǎn)生深刻影響的文殊信仰中心 Mount Wutai has a unique status in the Chinese art history as with the great achievements attained in the sculpture and mural arts, 五臺山在中國美術(shù)地位杰出 it is an outstanding example of the localization of the Buddhist art in China. 是佛教藝術(shù)中國化的理想實物例證 Many World Heritage sites in China embody high artistic value. The artistic achievements of these heritage sites represent the creative genius of human beings. In terms of the category, the Buddhist statues and murals of Mount Wutai belong to the temple building's art, 從類型來看,五臺山的佛教雕塑與壁畫屬于寺觀建筑類 Mount Wutai represent the coexistence of the Tibetan and Han Buddhist art. 代表了漢藏并存的佛教藝術(shù)成就 In terms of numberas an established Buddhist sacred place in China, Mount Wutai has a temple building and statue sculpting tradition that can be dated back to the Eastern Han Dynasty. 從數(shù)量來看,五臺山作為中國的佛教圣地,自東漢年間建寺造像以來,歷久不衰 Now Mount Wutai holds variety of clay sculptures, wood carvigs, stone carvigs, metal foundry ,gauze, porcelain, embroidery, painting and other artworks. 保存有泥塑,木雕,石刻,金屬鑄像,脫紗,燒瓷,刺繡,繪畫等諸多種類的造像藝術(shù)作品 The huge number of Buddhist shrines in China is in the second to none. 其數(shù)量之龐大,在中國佛教圣地中 Mount Wutai is the most typical royal bodhimanda in China, 五臺山是最典型的中國皇家道場 Among the four Buddhist sacred mountains in China Mount Wutai has maintained the closest link with Xi'an, Luoyang, Kaifeng, Beijing and other places of the central power. 中國佛教四大名山中,五臺山與歷代中央集權(quán)帝都西安,洛陽,開封,北京等聯(lián)系最為緊密 Besides the political center it turns into the holiest royal bodhimanda for over 1000 years. 這使她在一千多年間,實際成為政治中心以外神圣地位的皇家道場 Mount Wutai reflects the relations between generations of the ruling class with Buddhism, 反映了歷朝歷代統(tǒng)治階級與佛教的淵源關(guān)系 and presents a full picture of the social economic and spiritual lives in the certain extent. 也在一定程度上反映了當時的社會 經(jīng)濟和精神生活 The royal Buddhist cultural belief is an important component of the social and cultural life during the several thousands years of the feudal period in China, 皇家佛教文化信仰,是中國幾千年封建社會文化生活的重要組成部分 it has profound impact to the rise and fall of Buddhism, 對佛教的興衰發(fā)展具有深刻影響 however, it has not been fully reflected in the world heritage. Mount Wutai is a typical speciment of the royal bodhimanda in China. 五臺山正是中國皇家道場的典型代表 The Buddhist buildings on Mount Wutai have a important position in the world architecture history, 五臺山佛教建筑在世界建筑占有十分重要的地位 The heritage nomination of Mount Wutai has the largest and best preserved timber structure of Tang Dynasty---the East Main Hall of Foguang Temple. 五臺山遺產(chǎn)提名地擁有中國現(xiàn)存規(guī)模,保存最完好的唐代木構(gòu)建筑佛光寺東大殿 Currently, there are only four existent timber structures in China which was built in the Tang Dynasty, 中國目前已知的唐代木構(gòu)建筑遺存僅有4座 Among them, the East Main Hall of Foguang Temple is located right in the Core Zone of the nominated site, 其中,佛光寺東大殿即位于提名地的佛光寺核心區(qū)內(nèi) in terms of the architectural configuration and the state of conservation, 從建筑的單體形制和木構(gòu)遺存狀況來看 the East Main Hall of Foguang Temple is the largest, best preserved and most valuable one of the four existent Tang buildings. 佛光寺東大殿是現(xiàn)存4座唐代木構(gòu)建筑中規(guī)模,保存最完好,歷史價值的一座 In his history of more than twelve hunderd years, the original identity is well maintained and no overhaul has been made. 在近12個世紀的歷史中,沒有經(jīng)過一次落架大修,卻仍然風采依舊 the East Main Hall of Foguang Temple is matchless even within the global context. In the world existing ancient wooden structures, 甚至在世界現(xiàn)存的古代木構(gòu)建筑中,佛光寺東大殿都堪稱楷?! he Foguang Temple retains its integrity and artistry in the past thousand years, and asserts itself as the living fossil of the world architectural history. 是世界建筑不可多得的活化石 It represents a perfect combination of geology and landform with the Buddhist culture, 五臺山是古老地質(zhì)地貌與佛教文化完美結(jié)合的典例 it's featured by a unique and complete geological structure formed at the early stages of the Earth, 其所擁有獨特而完整的地球早期地質(zhì)構(gòu)造 stratigraphical sections, fossils Cenozoic planation surfaces and perigalcial landforms, 地層剖面,古生物化石遺跡,新生代夷平面及冰緣地貌 which speak for a long geological history and a rich reserve of geological relics. 具有漫長的地質(zhì)歷史和豐富的地質(zhì)遺跡 The five terraces and other ancient razed plane are the result of the oregenic elevation of the blocks, 以五座臺頂為代表的古夷平面經(jīng)歷斷塊造山抬升 with evolution of the typical periglacial landfroms and cool climates. 發(fā)育了典型的冰原地貌,形成清涼高寒的氣候條件 Among all of the existing Buddhism related heritage sites, 在世界已有的佛教相關(guān)遺產(chǎn)地中 there has not been any mixed natural and cultural heritage with such ancient geological landforms, 尚未出現(xiàn)具有古老地質(zhì)地貌的自然文化雙遺產(chǎn) Mount Wutai is not only at the same time has the ancient geological resources and ancient Buddhist culture resources, 五臺山不僅同時具備古老的地質(zhì)資源與古老的佛教文化資源 But also to integrate the two into one. 而且將二者珠聯(lián)璧合的融為一體 The natural and cultural combination fixes the Buddhist belief inside the worship to natural mountains, 典型地將對佛的崇信凝結(jié)在對自然山體的崇拜之中 realizing the traditional Chinese philosophic idea of “Human and nature being one”?! ⊥昝荔w現(xiàn)了中國天人合一的哲學思想 Mount Wutai is the sacred place endowed by nature to human beings for the inheritance and propagation of civilization. 五臺山是大自然賦予人類繁衍生息傳承文明的圣地 The mountain douds appear and disappear around the trees 山云吞吐翠微中 The color here is heavy bule and light green 淡綠深青一萬重 I thought the landscape could only be found in heaven 此景只應天上有 But adually I am just at the wonderful mountain peak 豈知身在妙高峰 With profound natural and cultural accumulation, 作為自然與人文的厚重積淀 Mount Wutai is showing its great beauty and wonderfulness, with the value of both natural and cultural heritage. 五臺山正以其獨特的自然與文化雙遺產(chǎn)價值,向世界展示著她的博大和瑰麗
第三篇:五臺山顯通寺導游詞
臺懷鎮(zhèn)的大顯通寺是五臺山第一大廟,始建于東漢時期,它是我國最早的佛寺之一。東漢永平十一年(公元69年),漢明帝從西域請來印度僧人攝摩騰和竺法蘭,在京都洛陽建白馬寺,這是中國建佛寺的開端。這一年,攝摩騰和竺法蘭來到五臺山,法眼識圣地,立即看中五臺山的風水,并奏明漢明帝在這里破土建廟,揭開了五臺佛國歷史的第一頁。
他們之所以選中五臺山,也是事出有因的,其一,當時五臺山叫清涼山,佛經(jīng)《華嚴經(jīng)》里說,東方清涼山是文殊菩薩的道場,有案可據(jù);其二,兩位高僧看了五臺山的地形,覺得與印度靈鷲峰極似,靈鷲峰又是釋迦牟尼向弟子講經(jīng)的'地方;其三,據(jù)說在兩位高僧來以前,五臺山已有一座佛塔。于是,五臺佛國的奠基石――五臺山第一座寺廟大孚靈鷲寺(今顯通寺)就這樣建立起來了,連那座山也稱作靈鷲峰了。
寺院面積8公頃(一百二十畝),各種建筑四百多間,多為明清遺物。排列于中軸線上有七座高大的建筑,很有氣勢。
大雄寶殿,重頂飛檐,巍峨寬大,占地約670平方米(一畝二分)為五臺殿宇之最,木雕彩繪,肅穆堂皇。殿內(nèi)佛像高大,金碧輝煌。五臺山的重****事活動,多在此殿舉行,屆時,各寺都有僧人參加。
無量殿是我國磚石建筑藝術(shù)的杰作。高20米,面寬28米,進深16米,從外面看是七間兩層樓房,殿內(nèi)卻是三間穹窿頂磚窯,型制奇特,雕飾精細,宏偉壯觀,又稱無梁殿。
在顯通寺的后高殿前,是一座用青銅鑄件組裝而成的純粹金屬建筑物,人稱“顯通銅殿”。
相傳,明朝穆宗駕崩前后,少主年幼無知,皇親李良發(fā)動了宮廷政變,接管了江山,就將娘娘李彥紀和少主打入了冷宮,想絕明朝后裔。這少主就是后來的萬歷皇帝。大臣徐彥昭和楊波進人冷宮行讕,李娘娘又氣又急,在不得已的情況下,把少主交給了徐、楊二人帶走,讓他們好好撫養(yǎng)。后來少主當了皇帝,懲除了奸臣。為了感謝母思,就決定在五臺山為李娘娘建造一座銅殿。據(jù)記載,這座銅殿是明朝名望很高的佛燈和尚(山西平陽人),在現(xiàn)在太原市郝莊村南建起了高達13層的兩座大塔(宣文塔)后,正在興建永柞寺(即雙塔寺)的過程中,又奉萬歷皇帝的命令,到顯通寺“傳戒”時建筑的。
銅殿建于明代萬歷三十七年(公元1609年)。殿高8.3米,寬4.7米,入深4.5米,它是我國僅有的三銅殿中的一座。另外兩座,一在浙江的普陀山,一在四川的峨眉山。不過就其建筑藝術(shù)和美觀俊雅而言,那兩座都不及這座銅殿,而且峨眉山的銅殿早已在戰(zhàn)火中焚燒壞了。
銅殿外觀為重檐歇山頂,共分兩層,上層四周各有六面門扇,下層四周各有八面門扇。每面門扇的下端鑄有花卉、松柏、鳥獸等圖案?!褒堷P配”、“喜鵲登梅”、“玉兔拜瓤”……形態(tài)逼真,栩栩如生,每面門扇的上端都有精細的花卉圖案,形態(tài)各異,玲瓏剔透。正面橫梁上的“二龍戲珠”和“雙鳳朝陽”更是活靈活現(xiàn)。第二層的四周,有大約1米高的銅欄桿,其24面門上均有各式圖案。殿脊的兩端有銅鑄的似龍非龍的寶瓶,光芒四射,耀眼奪目。
殿內(nèi)正中有一尊銅鑄文殊坐獅像,造型美麗。殿內(nèi)四壁上的銅鑄小佛像,琳瑯滿目,多達萬尊。
整個銅殿結(jié)構(gòu)嚴謹,建造精巧,瑰麗輝煌,全部用銅,傳說是妙峰祖師化緣而來的。為取“萬”字吉利,他曾出外云游數(shù)年,走了13個省、1萬家人家才化緣來10萬斤銅。人稱“顯通,顯通,十萬銅”,就是指這座銅殿。