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第一篇：英語(yǔ)畢業(yè)論文開題報(bào)告范文

Function and Application of Descriptive Translation Studies　　1 Introduction　　The intention of this study is to explore possible advantages of Descriptive Translation Studies as in its application in translation practice and translation analysis.　　Since early 20th century, translation studies gradually broke away from the marginal status within other related disciplines and established itself as an empirical science. From then on, schools of thought have kept coming out and each claims its legitimacy for existence. Among these schools is Descriptive Translation Studies (DTS).　　DTS approaches translation from an empirical perspective. Translation is viewed to be a social activity having significant importance in the receiving culture and for the target community. Therefore, translation is dealt with beyond the linguistic realization and language comparison, and is incorporated in social and cultural context.　　My attention was first directed to DTS by its peculiar characteristic of observation, description and explanation. The subject is whatever happens in translation practice, from the determination of prospective function of translation to the process of translator’s choice of strategies, brainstorming and the revision, to the final product making appearance in the target community.　　The method of DTS is basically descriptive. The prescriptive tendency and the problem-solution pattern is abandoned. Translation phenomena are noted down. With accumulated data, some underlying truths about translation will come out which will prove to be instructive not only for theoretical probe but also for applied translation practice. I will apply this descriptive method in the case study of this thesis.　　A convenient tool has been set up to conduct DTS. “Norm” is operative at every stage of description and explanation. Function, process and product and their relationship as well are skeletal structure of what constitute descriptive studies. Translation phenomena are accounted for with the help of norm.　　The case taken in this thesis is the Chinese classic The Dream of Red Mansions. Two English versions translated respectively by Yang Hsien-yi and David Hawks are compared and observations are made in regard to their translation approaches.　　In this regard, my observations are limited to several aspects, I hope in-depth observation and explanation will done in light of DTS.　　2 Outline　　2.1 Development and major concepts of DTS　　In this part I will describe Holms’ basic map of DTS and the relationship between function, process and product. I will also discuss some important concepts such as pseudo-translation, multiple translation, translationese, norm etc.　　2.2 Methodolgy　　I will in this part discuss the methodology of DTS before I apply the same to the case study in this thesis with emphasis to be placed on semiotic approach and the concept norm.　　2.3 DTS in contrast to other theories　　A contrast study will be conducted here with the objective to find the difference of DTS from other theories such as equivalence theory and the Chinese Xin Da Ya criteria. Some advantage will possibly be shown in this study.　　2.4 Case study　　In this part, translation of The Dream of Red Mansions (also translated as The Story of The Stone) will be under investigation in light of DTS. Translation samples to be quoted here will be selected at random.　　2.5 Conclusion　　Based on the above elaboration of DTS and the case study, possible conclusion will be on the advantage of DTS in specific study of translation. Suggestions on further research efforts will be made also.　　(Note: While the topic will remain the same, the above arrangement of contents is subject to change in the process of writing.)　　附錄2- 引文范例(僅供參考)　　“It is therefore pointless to try to make TC more scientific than is sensible in view of its complex subject-matter and available methods. Translating is a mental, multi-factorial activity which cannot exhaustively be investigated within a linguistic framework ignoring the person of the translator.”(Wilss, 1982: 217)　　附錄3- 參考文獻(xiàn)范例(僅供參考)　　Wilss, Wolfram. The Science of Translation C Problems and Methods. Gunter Narr Verlag Tubingen,1982.　　Newmark, Peter. A Textbook of Translation. New York: Prentice Hall, 1988.　　Delabastita, Dirk. Translating Puns: A false Opposition in Translation Studies. Target, 1991(3:2):137-152.　　張南峰(譯). 王爾德戲劇選. 福州：海峽文藝出版社，1990.　戴煒棟. 構(gòu)建具有中國(guó)特色的英語(yǔ)教學(xué)“一條龍”體系，外語(yǔ)教學(xué)與研究，2001(5).　　附錄4- 封面范例(僅供參考)(中文)　　對(duì)外經(jīng)濟(jì)貿(mào)易大學(xué)碩士學(xué)位論文　　論品牌名稱翻譯的特殊性　　專 業(yè)：　　研究方向：　　作 者：　　導(dǎo) 師：　　寫作時(shí)間： ―　　對(duì)外經(jīng)濟(jì)貿(mào)易大學(xué)　　英語(yǔ)學(xué)院　　(英文)　　School of International Studies　　University of International Business and Economics　　Pragmatic Strategies　　in Advertising: Implicatures　　Wang Ying　　A thesis submitted to School of International Studies of　　University of International Business and Economics　　In partial fulfillment of the requirement　　For the degree of Master of Arts　　April 2002　　Beijing, China　　免費(fèi)開題報(bào)告范文　　論文題目：中國(guó)上市公司效績(jī)?cè)u(píng)價(jià)體系的探討　　一、課題研究的意義　　我國(guó)上市公司對(duì)我國(guó)的經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展起到越來(lái)越重要的作用，截止2001年底，我國(guó)上市公司已達(dá)到1174家，總股本超過(guò)5050億，其中國(guó)家股和國(guó)有法人股328億，市價(jià)總值高達(dá)5.55萬(wàn)億元，約占國(guó)民生產(chǎn)總值的48%，約有股民6800萬(wàn)人，約占城鎮(zhèn)人口的40%,資本市場(chǎng)規(guī)模越來(lái)越大。據(jù)統(tǒng)計(jì)，截止2001年底，我國(guó)國(guó)有控股上市公司所有者權(quán)益10547億元，實(shí)現(xiàn)利潤(rùn)1519億元，分別占全國(guó)國(guó)有及國(guó)有控股企業(yè)的32%和63%，國(guó)有上市公司已成為我國(guó)各行業(yè)中的龍頭企業(yè)，在國(guó)有資產(chǎn)質(zhì)量上，上市公司已成為優(yōu)良資產(chǎn)的富區(qū)，同時(shí)上市公司也成為中國(guó)人投資的主要領(lǐng)域。隨著我國(guó)資本市場(chǎng)的發(fā)展和完善，上市公司不僅會(huì)得到更大更快的發(fā)展，而且會(huì)顯示出更重要的作用。但也不 可否認(rèn)，在我國(guó)上市公司發(fā)展過(guò)程中，也出現(xiàn)了一些問(wèn)題：一是上市公司整體業(yè)績(jī)下滑，競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力下降，據(jù)資料反映，2001年我國(guó)上市公司加權(quán)平均每股收益為0.1369元，比上年同期下降31.04%,加權(quán)平均凈資產(chǎn)收益率為5.53%,比上年同期下降22.55%,有151家公司虧損,虧損面為12.67%，較上年又進(jìn)一步擴(kuò)大;二是部分上市公司內(nèi)部違規(guī)現(xiàn)象嚴(yán)重，據(jù)了解，2001年有100家上市公司因各種違規(guī)問(wèn)題而受到證監(jiān)委和其他有關(guān)部門的查處;一些上市公司會(huì)計(jì)信息嚴(yán)重失真，虛增業(yè)績(jī)，大肆“圈錢”，極大地打擊了投資者對(duì)上市公司的信心;三是二級(jí)市場(chǎng)投機(jī)行為盛行，一些機(jī)構(gòu)操縱股價(jià)，牟取高利，嚴(yán)重地?cái)_亂了市場(chǎng)秩序。為了解決我國(guó)上市公司發(fā)展中出現(xiàn)的問(wèn)題，就需要在市場(chǎng)經(jīng)濟(jì)條件下，更好地有效發(fā)揮政府的監(jiān)管職能和社會(huì)的監(jiān)督職能，加快建立上市公司的優(yōu)勝劣汰機(jī)制，全面凈化證券市場(chǎng)的環(huán)境。要實(shí)現(xiàn)這一目標(biāo)，有效的手段之一是建立上市公司的效績(jī)?cè)u(píng)價(jià)體系?！　∧壳?，國(guó)家有關(guān)部門已經(jīng)對(duì)我國(guó)國(guó)有企業(yè)制定了效績(jī)?cè)u(píng)價(jià)制度，并正在逐步推開,但在我國(guó)上市公司中還沒(méi)有建立這項(xiàng)制度，所以本文的研究是有實(shí)際意義的?！　《?本文研究的內(nèi)容　　本文擬從四個(gè)方面探討上市公司效績(jī)?cè)u(píng)價(jià)體系的建立?！　〉谝徊糠种饕獜牧鶄€(gè)方面闡述建立我國(guó)上市公司效績(jī)?cè)u(píng)價(jià)體系的意義，這六個(gè)方面是：　　(一)有利于國(guó)家對(duì)上市公司的監(jiān)管　　(二)有利于推動(dòng)上市公司建立科學(xué)的約束和激勵(lì)機(jī)制?！　?三)有助于對(duì)上市公司經(jīng)營(yíng)者業(yè)績(jī)的全面考核?！　?四)有利于引導(dǎo)上市公司的經(jīng)營(yíng)行為?！　?五)有利于增強(qiáng)上市公司的形象意識(shí)。　　(六)有助于投資者的理性投資。

第二篇：英語(yǔ)畢業(yè)論文開題報(bào)告

漢語(yǔ)版的開題報(bào)告想必大家已經(jīng)熟練，那么英文的怎么寫呢?以下是小編為大家整理的英語(yǔ)畢業(yè)論文開題報(bào)告，希望能幫到你。

綠色壁壘對(duì)中國(guó)農(nóng)產(chǎn)品出口的影響

姓名:侯俊 班級(jí):03544 學(xué)號(hào):xx05040416

專業(yè):商務(wù)英語(yǔ)

一、論文的來(lái)源，目的，意義，國(guó)內(nèi)外概況和預(yù)測(cè)

xx年11月10日深夜,世界貿(mào)易組織第四屆部長(zhǎng)級(jí)會(huì)議通過(guò)了中國(guó)加入世界貿(mào)易組織的決定。無(wú)論按什么標(biāo)準(zhǔn)來(lái)撰寫中國(guó)改革開放的歷史,加入世界貿(mào)易組織都將會(huì)被列入這一時(shí)期最重大的事件之一。加入世界貿(mào)易組織是中國(guó)改革開放的必然結(jié)果，中國(guó)加入世界組織必將加快改革開放的步伐。

可以說(shuō)，中國(guó)加入世貿(mào)對(duì)中國(guó)絕大部分行業(yè)的發(fā)展是有利的，但有機(jī)遇同樣就會(huì)有挑戰(zhàn)，尤其是對(duì)中國(guó)農(nóng)業(yè)的發(fā)展。目前，中國(guó)農(nóng)業(yè)正在進(jìn)入一個(gè)新的發(fā)展階段，中國(guó)加入wto，農(nóng)業(yè)面臨一個(gè)新的國(guó)際環(huán)境，新階段新環(huán)境將把中國(guó)農(nóng)業(yè)推向市場(chǎng)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)的巔峰。

論文百事通中國(guó)農(nóng)業(yè)的市場(chǎng)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)會(huì)由國(guó)內(nèi)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)轉(zhuǎn)向國(guó)內(nèi)國(guó)際雙重競(jìng)爭(zhēng)，農(nóng)業(yè)資源也會(huì)由國(guó)內(nèi)配置轉(zhuǎn)向國(guó)內(nèi)國(guó)際雙重配置。中國(guó)入世，綠色壁壘逐步取代了關(guān)稅和配額，成為我國(guó)農(nóng)產(chǎn)品出口面臨的最大障礙。在這樣的背景下，中國(guó)農(nóng)業(yè)如何應(yīng)對(duì)將會(huì)是一個(gè)亟待做出抉擇的問(wèn)題。研究如何有效地利用wto規(guī)則和機(jī)制來(lái)保護(hù)和促進(jìn)我國(guó)農(nóng)業(yè)的發(fā)展將是一個(gè)重要的課題。

鑒于此，我選擇了中國(guó)加入wto后的外貿(mào)研究這個(gè)論文課題，希望通過(guò)自己論文寫作的過(guò)程，來(lái)加深對(duì)wto的了解。

二、有關(guān)論文課題調(diào)查和研究情況，預(yù)計(jì)論文達(dá)到的目的，要求

隨著經(jīng)濟(jì)全球化的進(jìn)程不斷加快,人民生活水平的不段提高，環(huán)境與可持續(xù)發(fā)展得到了人們普遍的關(guān)注。經(jīng)濟(jì)、科技、社會(huì)、人口和環(huán)境的協(xié)調(diào)發(fā)展，已經(jīng)得到各國(guó)的公認(rèn)。消費(fèi)觀轉(zhuǎn)向?qū)μ岣呱钯|(zhì)量的要求，人們不僅要提高生活水平，更重要的是要提高生活質(zhì)量，當(dāng)然包括環(huán)境質(zhì)量。然而，為了保護(hù)環(huán)境所采取的措施往往包含貿(mào)易手段，所以環(huán)境也不可避免地影響著國(guó)際貿(mào)易。發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家為了保護(hù)自己的利益，紛紛筑起綠色壁壘。我國(guó)農(nóng)業(yè)遭到了嚴(yán)重的打擊，損失極大。如何面對(duì)綠色壁壘?怎樣發(fā)展我國(guó)的農(nóng)業(yè)?這是我國(guó)現(xiàn)在發(fā)展階段要解決的問(wèn)題之一。

拓展知識(shí)：

英語(yǔ)論文提綱范本

contents

i. introduction -------------------------------------------------------------------------------1

ii. several kinds of the origin of festivals in english-speaking countries--------1

1. religious and customary-------------------------------------------------------------1

1.1 christmas----------------------------------------------------------------------------2

1.2 boxing day--------------------------------------------------------------------------2

1.3 easter sunday ----------------------------------------------------------------------2

1.4 halloween----------------------------------------------------------------------------3

1.5 new years day -------------------------------------------------------------------4

1.6 all fools day------------------------------------------------------------------------5

1.7 thanksgiving day------------------------------------------------------------------5

2. memorial--------------------------------------------------------------------------------7

2.1 for great peoples-------------------------------------------------------------------8

2.2 for great events--------------------------------------------------------------------10

3. brought in by immigrant------------------------------------------------------------11

.the festivals’ influence on people’s daily life in english-speaking countries.-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------12