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        西安碑林導游詞

        發(fā)布時間:2022-11-06 19:09:48

        • 文檔來源:用戶上傳
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        千文網(wǎng)小編為你整理了多篇相關的《西安碑林導游詞》,但愿對你工作學習有幫助,當然你在千文網(wǎng)還可以找到更多《西安碑林導游詞》。

        第一篇:碑林導游詞

        各位朋友

        大家好!歡迎來到有“石質(zhì)書庫”“書法的故鄉(xiāng)”之稱的西安碑林博物館,今天由我?guī)ьI大家欣賞這里的碑石墓志石刻造像,碑林歷史悠久,始建于公元1087年,距今已有900多年。這里收藏我國古代碑石時間最早、數(shù)量最大、名碑最多,是一座真正的書法藝術(shù)寶庫。碑林是在宋代孔廟的基礎上擴建而成的,因而保留了孔廟的部分布局。如取義出入禮儀之門的西門“禮門”,東門“義路”。南面這座雕梁畫棟的木牌坊稱為太和元氣坊,是由華山西岳廟移來的。它南面是塞門。再往前這兩個半扇形的水池,叫泮池。它也是古代孔廟特有的一種建筑,在封建社會只有考中秀才的人才能通過泮橋去拜謁孔子,并在池中取水洗筆,所以呢我們將考中秀才也叫做“入泮”。碑林,是以泮橋北欞星門的中門為主軸線,由南向北依次排開。進入欞星門,我們來看一下儀殿東西兩側(cè)的這兩件國寶級文物:景云鐘和大夏石馬。景云鐘,因鑄于唐睿宗景云年間而得名。這口鐘紋飾精美,鐘聲悅耳宏亮,上有292字銘文,是睿宗李旦少有的傳世之作。大家每年除夕夜聽到的辭舊迎新的新年鐘聲就是我們景云鐘的鐘聲。大家再隨我來看這座大夏石馬。大夏是匈奴族建立的最后一個政權(quán),由于當時戰(zhàn)事連綿不斷,大夏國建都只有短短的24年,這匹唯一有大夏紀年的石馬就顯得彌足珍貴。

        好了,咱們繼續(xù)往前走。大家看到道路兩旁這六座對稱的八角亭是清代建筑,里面陳放的碑石,主要記載的是當年康熙、乾隆平定戰(zhàn)亂的一些經(jīng)過,我們稱其為御碑亭。

        現(xiàn)在大家隨我來看這個亭子,它就是我們碑林標志性的建筑和象征了。上面的“碑林”二字相傳是清代著名愛國將領林則徐書寫的。碑亭下陳放的是久負盛名的石臺孝經(jīng)。它是碑林中保存最早,形成最特別,雕刻最華麗的碑石?!靶⒔?jīng)”是孔子的學生曾參編撰的,主要講的是孝道,因立于三層石之上而得名。這通碑高約 6米,四面刻字,由碑座、碑身、碑首共35塊巨大的青石組成。碑文是由唐玄宗李隆基用隸書所寫,字體雍容大度,端莊秀美,非常的華美飄逸,并用小楷在旁邊作了注解。其目的是達到“以孝治天下”。碑額上刻有“大唐開元,天寶圣文,神武皇帝,注孝經(jīng)臺”,這十六個大字是由玄宗的兒子肅宗李亨用篆書所寫的。整個碑文集中了由兩位皇帝書寫的四種不同書體,同時宣揚的都是儒家的孝道,所以,不論是從歷史價值還是藝術(shù)價值來看,都是無與倫比的。因此我們也常稱此碑為“迎客第一碑”。好了,現(xiàn)在我們就進入各陳室進行參觀吧。在這個第一展廳里,主要陳放《開成石經(jīng)》。它因刻于唐文宗開成年間而得名。建立碑林的最初目的就是為了保護《開成石經(jīng)》和剛剛參觀完的《石臺孝經(jīng)》的。《開成石經(jīng)》的內(nèi)容包括:《周易》、《尚書》、《周禮》、,《儀禮》、《禮記》、《春秋左氏傳》、《公羊傳》、《轂梁傳》、《詩經(jīng)》、《爾雅》等十二部經(jīng)典著作。這些都是封建社會文人學士科舉考試的必讀之書。由于當時活版印刷還沒有發(fā)明,就連雕版刷也還不普及,為了避免傳抄的錯誤,唐文宗下令將它們刻在石碑上,立于國家最高學府國子監(jiān)太學內(nèi),作為范本,供人們校對?!堕_成石經(jīng)》共114塊,228面,650252字。清代又補刻了《孟子》,合稱十三經(jīng)。等一會兒大家可以回來細細品讀這世界上最重、最厚的一部石質(zhì)書籍了。

        現(xiàn)在,我們前往第二展室。這里陳列的是唐代一些著名書法家的碑石。它們常常被人們作為學習各種書體的入門范本。

        唐代是我國歷史上一個繁榮昌盛的國家,政治、文化、經(jīng)濟都得到了空前的發(fā)展,各類人才輩出。那么它的外交又如何呢?請大家來看一下這通《大秦景教流行中國碑》。這是一塊記載基督教傳入中國情況的碑石,是件國寶級的文物,也是我們碑林中國際知名度最高的一塊碑石?!按笄亍?,是唐代對東羅馬帝國的稱呼,“景教”,是基督教的一個派系“聶斯脫里派”傳到中國后的叫法。景教在公元635年傳到中國,此碑刻于公元781年,碑文記載了景教的教旨、教義、在中國的傳播以及景教徒在我國唐代150年中的活動情況。碑文下方有古敘利 1 文。此碑一經(jīng)出土,曾風靡一時,對研究宗教史及中國古代東西方文化交流,提供了寶貴的歷史資料。

        我們再來看這個號稱“千金帖”的《大唐三藏圣教序碑》,此碑立于唐高宗咸亨三年,是長安弘福寺高僧懷仁受命,集晉代大書法家王羲之的字體刻的,傳說懷仁在集字過程中,有幾個字怎么也找不到,不得已奏請朝廷貼出告示,誰獻出碑文中急需的字,一字賞金一千,這就是“一字千金”的由來,后人把此碑的拓本稱作《千金帖》。好,繼續(xù)往前走,我們?nèi)サ谌故覅⒂^。這里主要陳列歷代各種書體名碑,其中包括篆、隸、楷、行、草等5種書體,通過這些碑石,可以看出我國漢字演變的過程。我們先看一下隸書的代表漢《曹全碑》。這方碑出土于陜西合陽縣,曹全是合陽的縣令,為官期間,清政廉潔,為人們所擁戴,死后人們就集資為他立了此碑。碑中的隸書字體秀美多姿,蠶頭燕尾,結(jié)構(gòu)勻稱,一波三折,外顯俊秀而內(nèi)含剛健,是現(xiàn)存漢碑中的精品。再來看一下草書的代表作-草圣張旭的《千字文》。張旭是唐代杰出的書法家,俗稱張顛,因為他性格豪放,為人灑脫,每次趁醉盡興揮舞,狂放不羈。這篇《千字文》,上下貫通,首尾相接,大小錯落,濃淡相間。初看如一堆亂麻,連綿不斷,但實際上每個字的翻轉(zhuǎn),跳躍都遵循嚴格的法度。

        下來我們?nèi)⒂^一下“石刻藝術(shù)室”,石刻藝術(shù)室分為陵墓石刻和宗教石刻兩部分展出。首先我們看這組圖稱為東漢畫像石。它源于西漢,盛于東漢。內(nèi)容除少數(shù)神話歷史傳說外,大量取材于現(xiàn)實生活,最具代表的就是這幅《牛耕圖》,這種“二牛抬杠”的耕作方法生動地再現(xiàn)了2000多年前我國東漢人的生活情景。

        這組“昭陵六駿”,來自唐太宗李世民的昭陵。這六匹馬是李世民在打江山時馳騁疆場時所乘過的,它們都為大唐帝國的奠基立下了豐功偉績。李世民為顯示自己的赫赫戰(zhàn)功和對六駿的紀念,于公元 636年令畫家閻立本設計,雕刻家閻立德依形復制刻于石上,并親自書寫贊語,由當時的大書法家歐陽詢書寫刻在每件浮雕的右上角?!罢蚜炅E”不僅造型高超,就是其名稱、色澤和戰(zhàn)斗經(jīng)歷都有一段十分動人的故事。令人惋惜的是“六駿”中的“颯露紫”和“拳毛騧”在1914年流失美國,現(xiàn)存于美國賓夕法尼亞大學。其余四駿也歷經(jīng)了千年風霜,在它們身上,既記載著曾經(jīng)的輝煌,也承載了歷史的恥辱。

        下來我們看到的是一組葬具——李壽石槨。李壽是高祖李淵的堂弟,死后陪葬于高祖獻陵。槨是棺外的一道葬具,在石槨的內(nèi)外有線刻的樂伎、舞伎、侍女、文臣武將還有狩獵圖,真實地反映了當時的宮廷樂舞和貴族生活的盛況。

        好,我們進入宗教展區(qū)參觀。大家看到的這個叫“皇興造像”?!盎逝d”是北魏的年號,它采用浮雕手法來體現(xiàn)犍陀羅雕藝術(shù)。犍陀羅是古印度的一個地名,它集中了犍陀羅與古希臘兩地雕刻技法的精華,它的特點是姿態(tài)生動,線條簡潔,衣紋質(zhì)感強。

        最后,我們來看一下這尊漢白玉雕刻的老君像,它原來供奉在驪山的老君殿,是華清宮朝元閣的遺物。我們看老君身著寬松的道袍,腰系衣帶,正襟危坐于石臺之上,神情莊嚴肅慕,雙目智慧而深遂,是罕見的佳作。據(jù)說這尊老君像是安祿山為取悅唐玄宗,在開元天寶年間,從幽州范陽令名工巧匠用漢白玉雕刻而成。

        好,我們碑林的參觀講解就簡單向大家介紹到這里,謝謝各位。

        第二篇:西安碑林博物館英文導游詞最新

        西安碑林

        Good morning, Ladies and gentlemen.Today we are going to visit the treasure house of ancient calligraphy and stone carving art of China, the Museum of Forest of Stone Tablets, which is located at the site of Confucian temple in SanXue Street, Xi’an.This museum was set up in 1087 and it collected more than 3000 stone tablets from the Han dynasty through the Qing dynasty.The whole area consists of 3 parts: Confucian temple, exhibition of stone tablets and stone carvings.//總述

        Here we can see this museum is very beautiful because it used the tradition Chinese courtyard style.So compared with other places, this museum is always quite peaceful and very silence.Now I’d like to take this temple as an example to talk a little bit about Confucian, the great philosopher, educationist, politician in feudal society.And he was highly respected by Chinese.In order to show the respect for him, all the Confucian temple have no gate facing south, as this one showing only the gate open to the east and west what we called the gate of righteousness and courtesy respectively.//簡介孔子

        Ok, now this way please.Inside this museum, we can see a wooden Memorial arch standing here;its Chinese name is “PaiLou”.It is set up to honor or commemorate a distinguished person;as we continue our walking, now we are on the bridge over pond in half circle which is special structure of Confucian temple, in the ancient time only those students who passed state examination would be allowed to pass here.//太和元氣坊,畔池

        Now let’s go through the stone gate in the middle which was only for high ranks in the past.Here we can see two national treasures.On the west side there is a stone horse which was one of few relics of DaXia short period.The Da xia period is a very short period in Chinese history, and there are lots of wars at that time.It’s difficult to find relics of this time, so it’s very precious.In the east pavilion there is the JingYun Bell which was cast in 711AD and was moved here from JingLong Taoist temple.This Bell is unique in 3 aspects: first: it has exquisitely carving with phoenix and dragons.Second, it has beautiful sound which was recorded by CCTV and was played on New Years’ eve to welcome the New Year’s coming.Third, it has unique epigraph.//大夏石馬,景云鐘

        Now we are going to visit 7 major stone tablet exhibition rooms.In front of the first exhibition room, we can see the stone-base Classic of Filial piety which is the largest and earliest one in this museum.It stands about 6 meters high and was made up of 35 pieces of blue stones.It was engraved in 745AD and annotated by LiLongJi(the 7th emperor of Tang dynasty).He wrote the preface to show his wish to manage the country by advocating the principles of Filial piety.//石臺孝經(jīng)

        In the first room, let’s see the most completed and heaviest books in the world “The KaiCheng stone Classics” which was the doctrine of the Confucius and “must readings” for all the intellectuals in feudal society.In the past, copying was the popular way for students who study the doctrines.To prevent copying errors, emperor Tang Wenzong employed many sculptors to carve the 12 classics on stone tablets for the students to get the rubbings from them.With another classic “Mencius” carved in Qing dynasty together we call “13 classics”.//開成石經(jīng)

        In the second room, we can see many stone tablets of calligraphy in Tang dynasty.And the most famous one is the Nestorian Tablet.This tablet is also a national treasure, as it was the first one in Syrian characters that recorded Nestorians(one sect of Christianity)was introduced into China from Roman Empire in 635AD.It describes its essence, ceremony, and activities in China.//大秦景教流行中國碑 In the third room, various style of Chinese calligraphy can be seen on stone tablets such as the seal script, the official script, regular script, running hand and cursive hand.Let me give you very brief introduction of the development of Chinese characters.The seal scripts were only popular in Qin dynasty, and it was difficult for us to reading and writing.Based on that, new forms were created: they are the official and regular scripts.This was easy to remember because today we are still using it and it is popular to everybody.Running and cursive hand were also boldly used by some calligraphers at that time, it is quite different to control.//中國文字字體發(fā)展簡史 The rest exhibition rooms house calligraphy and paintings, literatures and poems from different dynasties, And in the court yard you can see many stone stakes with animals or figures carved on the top.In the past, they are for tying horses as well as for decoration.Ok, this way please.We are going to see the stone carving gallery.The stone carvings here are the masterpiece of stone arts from Han and Tang dynasty that arranged in chronological order.It can be divided into two parts: those are found from tombs and those are related to religions.Here, I’d like to introduce the six famous steeds for you.They are so beautiful and vivid, also, they were the best friends of Tang emperor Tai zong(the second emperor of Tang dynasty), because they kept their master in safe each time when they wounded with arrows on battle.In memory of his horses, Tang emperor Tai zong had them carved in relief to company his tomb.However, it’s very pity that two of the pieces were missing;now they are kept in the museum of university of Pennsylvania.//石刻藝術(shù)室(昭陵六駿)Ok, everyone, so much for this today.We still have some free time.So next, you may look around and take some pictures.We’ll leave at 11o’clock, so please don’t be late.You know I will miss you.And I’ll stay here, if you have any question, please ask me.By the way, watch your step please!So next, it’s your turn.Enjoy yourself and thank you for listening.//結(jié)束

        第三篇:西安景點導游詞

        中國明西安府城墻。在陜西省西安市。建于明洪武三年至十一年(1370~1378),在唐長安城的皇城和元代奉元城基本上擴建而成。原為夯土城墻,明隆慶年間(1567~1572)巡撫張祉在夯土城墻外初次包磚。清乾隆年間(1736~1795)陜西巡撫畢沅舉辦大局限的維修和加固,將包墻增厚,鋪設海墁,并增修排水道、宇墻垛口等。城墻周長13。75公里,為中國現(xiàn)存完備、局限最大的城墻。1961年中華人民共和國國務院發(fā)布為世界重點文物掩護單元。

        據(jù)文獻記實,明代建筑的西安城,西墻和南墻都是操作原唐代皇城的城墻而增修加長的,東墻和北墻是擴大新建的。西墻和南墻內(nèi)均發(fā)明有唐代城墻和城門的遺跡。城墻用黃土夯筑而成。明代建筑的城墻用黃土加石灰、細沙并摻麥秸、草渣混淆分層夯筑而成,夯層厚10~12厘米。城墻高12米,底寬16~18米,頂寬12~14米。墻頂均以三層青磚鋪設海墁,每隔40~60米處,有一磚砌溜水槽和吐水嘴。城內(nèi)除四門左側(cè)各有登城馬道外,還有6處馬道。城墻內(nèi)沿墻附近筑女墻,外沿墻有垛口5984個。城墻外壁附近有馬面98座。馬面伸出墻面11米,寬20米,各馬面之間相距120米,恰在弓箭和火銃的射程之內(nèi)。

        城的四角各筑有一個突出城墻的角臺(樓),除西南城角臺為圓形外,導游實務,其他3個為方形。據(jù)掘客得知,這種圓形角臺是元代的建制,明代擴建西安城時,因西南角未動而保存下來。城墻每面各辟一門,東名長樂,西名安寧,南名永定,北名安遠。門外筑甕城,門上建樓,門樓有正樓、箭樓、閘樓三重,閘樓及周圍城墻已在民國初年拆除,現(xiàn)存正樓、箭樓6座。除南面箭樓下無門洞外(門洞分從甕城閣下開),其他3門箭樓下各穿門洞。門洞高寬6米,深19。5米。正樓為重樓,面寬七間,進深二間,高36米,三層檐歇山頂,周有回廊,樓下及平座均施斗□,箭樓以青磚為主布局,面寬十一間,進深兩間,高33。4米,單檐歇山頂,正面分設四層箭窗,各12孔,總共48孔,閣下各3層,總共9孔。樓的不和有兩層房檐,均施斗□,下有檐廊。城外護城河寬20米,深10米。1983年開始對城墻舉辦全面整修。

        第四篇:西安景點導游詞

        位于西安市中心區(qū),呈長方形,墻高12米,底寬18米,頂寬15米,東墻長2590米,西墻長2631.2米,南墻長3441.6米,北墻長3241米,總周長11.9公里。有城門四座:東長樂門,西安寧門,南永寧門,北安遠門,每個城門都由箭樓和城樓構(gòu)成?,F(xiàn)存城墻建于明洪武七年到十一年(1374―1378),至今已有600多年汗青,是我國現(xiàn)存最完備的一座古代城垣構(gòu)筑。

        西安城墻是明朝出年在明太祖朱元璋的政策“高筑墻、廣積糧、緩稱王”的指導下,在唐皇城的基本上建成的。完全環(huán)繞“防止”計謀系統(tǒng),城墻的厚度大于高度,穩(wěn)定如山,墻頂可以跑車和訓練。城墻包羅護城河、吊橋、閘樓、箭樓、正樓、角樓、敵樓、女兒墻、垛口等一系列軍事辦法。城墻自建成后歷經(jīng)三次大的整修。明隆慶二年(1568年)陜西巡撫張祉主持修復使土城第一次釀成磚城;清乾隆四十六年(1781年)陜西巡撫畢源主持對城墻和城樓作了整修;自1983年以來,陜西省和西安市人民當局對這座古城墻舉辦了大局限修繕,補建已被拆毀的東門、北門箭樓、南門閘樓、吊橋,并建成環(huán)城公園,從而使這座古構(gòu)筑抖擻了舊日風范,成為西安的一大旅游景觀。

        第五篇:西安碑林導游詞

        西安碑林博物館位于文昌門附近,館內(nèi)由碑林、石刻藝術(shù)等部分組成,其中由歷代碑石、墓志組成的碑林是館內(nèi)的亮點,其中包括顏真卿、柳公權(quán)、懷素等書法名家的碑刻,還有《石臺孝經(jīng)》和《開成石經(jīng)》兩塊唐代碑刻。

        在碑林博物館內(nèi),你能夠欣賞到歷朝歷代的碑刻和墓志,這里收藏的碑刻和墓志時間跨度長達2000多年。其中的珍品有:顏真卿的《顏勤禮碑》、《顏家廟碑》等,是標準的“顏體”;柳公權(quán)的《大達法師玄秘塔碑》,是“柳體”中最典型的'代表作;唐代懷仁和尚從晉王羲之遺留的墨跡中選集而成的《大唐三藏圣教序碑》;著名草書家懷素的《千字文》,筆意奔放。

        除了書法大家的石刻外,最受游客歡迎就是《石臺孝經(jīng)》和《開成石經(jīng)》兩塊碑刻。《石臺孝經(jīng)》,是儒家經(jīng)典,碑文由兩個皇帝以四種字體書寫的,即:唐玄宗李隆基以隸書書寫碑文,又以楷書作小字注釋,又在碑刻成后在碑側(cè)用行書作批注,而此這塊碑的碑額是由唐肅宗李亨用篆書所寫的?!堕_成石經(jīng)》刻成于唐文宗開成二年(公元837年),一共包括詩,書,禮,易,春秋等十二部經(jīng)書。

        在碑林博物館瀏覽時,還可以在館內(nèi)的“石刻藝術(shù)館”中觀賞到四神墓門、唐昭陵六駿圖、孔子見老子圖、青龍朱雀圖等精美的石刻。游玩后,還可以購買到用原碑刻拓印出來的“碑帖”,不過這里的“碑帖”價格不算便宜,從幾百元至上千元不等。如果你的要求不是很高,可以在碑林邊上的書院門步行街上購買碑帖,價格相比較便宜些。

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