千文網(wǎng)小編為你整理了多篇相關(guān)的《開題報告記錄怎么寫(范文二篇)》，但愿對你工作學(xué)習(xí)有幫助，當(dāng)然你在千文網(wǎng)還可以找到更多《開題報告記錄怎么寫(范文二篇)》。
第一篇：怎么寫開題報告開題報告
一、課題開題報告含義與作用
開題報告， 就是當(dāng)課題方向確定之后，課題負(fù)責(zé)人在調(diào)查研究的基礎(chǔ)上撰寫的報請上級 批準(zhǔn)的選題計劃。 它主要說明這個課題應(yīng)該進行研究，自己有條件進行研究以及準(zhǔn)備如何開 展研究等問題， 也可以說是對課題的論證和設(shè)計。開題報告是提高選題質(zhì)量和水平的重要環(huán)節(jié)。
二、開題報告的結(jié)構(gòu)與寫法
開題報告主要包括以下幾個方面：
(一)課題名稱
(二)課題研究的目的、意義
(三)國內(nèi)外研究現(xiàn)狀、水平和發(fā)展趨勢。就是本課題有沒有人研究，研究達到什么水平， 存在什么不足以及正在向什么方向發(fā)展等。開題報告寫這些內(nèi)容一方面可以論證本課題 研究的地位和價值， 另一方面也說明課題研究人員對本課題研究是否有較好的把握。我們進行任何科學(xué)研究，必須對該問題的研究現(xiàn)狀有清醒的了解，這在第一部分已經(jīng)談到。
(四)課題研究的理論依據(jù)。我們現(xiàn)在進行的課題基本上都是應(yīng)用研究和發(fā)展研究，這就要求我們的研究必須有一些基本的理論依據(jù)來保證研究的科學(xué)性。比如： 我們要進行活動課實驗研究，我們就必須以課程理論、學(xué)習(xí)心理理論、教育心理學(xué)理論為研究試驗的理論依據(jù)。我們進行教學(xué)模式創(chuàng)新實驗，就必須以教學(xué)理論、教育實驗理論等為理論依據(jù)。
(五)課題主要研究內(nèi)容、方法
(六)研究工作的步驟
(七)課題參加人員的組成和專長。主要看參加人員的整體素質(zhì)與水平，尤其是課題負(fù)責(zé)人的水平怎么樣。如果參加人員和負(fù)責(zé)人既沒有理論又沒有實踐經(jīng)驗， 這個課題就無法很 好地完成，也就無法批準(zhǔn)立項。
(八)現(xiàn)有基礎(chǔ)。主要是人員基礎(chǔ)和物質(zhì)基礎(chǔ)。很多課題對人員和設(shè)備方面要求是比較高的，如果基本的研究條件都沒有，這個課題同樣不能立項。
(九)經(jīng)費估算。就是課題在哪些方面要用錢，用多少錢，怎么管理等。
如何撰寫教育科研課題的開題報告
一、開題報告 開題報告就是課題方向確定之后， 課題負(fù)責(zé)人或課題組主研人員在調(diào)查研究的基礎(chǔ)上撰寫的報請上級批準(zhǔn)的選題、研究計劃。它主要說明這個課題應(yīng)該進行研究，自己有條件進行研究，準(zhǔn)備如何開展研究等問題，是對課題的再論證和再設(shè)計。
二、開題報告的作用。進一步明確研究思路，完善實施方案，明晰研究技術(shù)線路，再次論證研究課題重要一步。
三、開題報告論證的主要內(nèi)容
1、審定課題名稱。一是看名稱表述是否準(zhǔn)確、規(guī)范。準(zhǔn)確就是課題的名稱要把課題研究的問題是什么，研究的對象是什么交待清楚。規(guī)范就是所用的詞語、句型要規(guī)范、科學(xué)，似是而非的詞不能用，口號式、結(jié)論式的句型不要用。二要看名稱是否簡潔，不能太長，能不要的字就盡量不要，如：“應(yīng)用信息技術(shù)構(gòu)建高中地理教學(xué)中學(xué)生自主學(xué)習(xí)的實踐研究”、“網(wǎng)絡(luò)環(huán)境下高中英語聽讀教學(xué)對學(xué)生文化素養(yǎng)提高和學(xué)習(xí)策略形成之影響”、“借助信息技術(shù)，變革學(xué)習(xí)方式”、“有效應(yīng)用信息技術(shù),促進師生幸福成長”。
2、尋找研究依據(jù)。政策依據(jù)、理論依據(jù)、實踐依據(jù)，充分、貼切、準(zhǔn)確，不要貼標(biāo)簽，拉大旗，喊口號。
3、分析研究背景——現(xiàn)實背景、歷史背景要清楚，符合實際。
4、查清研究現(xiàn)狀——單位的研究現(xiàn)狀及問題點評;國內(nèi)的研究現(xiàn)狀;國外的研究現(xiàn)狀。用書檢和網(wǎng)檢的方法。
5、論證研究價值——理論價值;實踐價值;應(yīng)用價值;科學(xué)價值;改革價值。
6、闡述研究意義——有現(xiàn)實意義;有歷史意義;有實踐意義;有方法論意義。
7、界定核心概念。就是對關(guān)鍵詞、關(guān)聯(lián)詞的概念、意義、本質(zhì)、聯(lián)系進行闡述。
8、完善研究設(shè)計。確定研究程序;提出研究假設(shè);確定研究目標(biāo);提出研究措施;落實研究內(nèi)容;提供研究方法;劃分研究階段;落實研究人員;預(yù)測研究成果效應(yīng);建立研究組織;規(guī)劃研究管理;分析規(guī)劃研究的保障。
四、開題論證的方法以綜合評價為主
一是課題單位的自我論證評價;二是同行的論證評價;三是科研管理部門的論證評價。由預(yù)審、初審、學(xué)術(shù)評審、綜合評審四個階段組成。預(yù)審與初審可在開題前后的時間里進行。 重點側(cè)重在課題選擇和課題計劃的制訂上。學(xué)術(shù)評審與綜合評審要貫穿于課題研究的全過程，重點放在計劃實施與成果的預(yù)期鑒定上。
五 、開題報告的寫作
(一)開題報告的組成。三個主要部分：前言、正文和結(jié)語;三個次要部分：標(biāo)題、署名、引文注釋和參考文獻。
(二)開題報告的結(jié)構(gòu)與寫法。
1、課題名稱。題目必須與內(nèi)容一致。確切、中肯、具體、鮮明、簡練、醒目。開題報告一般不使用副標(biāo)題。
2、署名。在題目的下面，必須簽署課題研究單位，一般不寫撰寫者姓名。署名的目的是表示對開題報告負(fù)責(zé)。
3、開題報告可以不寫內(nèi)容摘要和關(guān)鍵詞。
4、前言。前言是開題報告的序言。前言部分一般都應(yīng)說清楚課題選題、立項、批準(zhǔn)的過程，以及開題前的準(zhǔn)備、開題緣由、開題意義，開題前所進行的調(diào)查情況所做的工作等。要力求簡明扼要，直截了當(dāng)，并實事求是，要開門見山、直入主題。不要面面俱到，不著邊際，文不對題;或一步登天，言盡意止，不留余地。
5、正文。開題報告的正文部分占報告的主要篇幅，它是報告的主體。正文部分必須對再次論證的內(nèi)容進行全面的闡述和論證，包括研究前的觀察、測試、調(diào)查、分析、學(xué)習(xí)，材料形成的觀點和理論。如調(diào)查的問題、現(xiàn)狀和實質(zhì)，產(chǎn)生問題的原因及其發(fā)展趨勢。正文部分是開題報告的關(guān)鍵部分， 它體現(xiàn)了課題組的水平， 同時也可以看出今后課題研究的狀態(tài)和水平。撰寫開題報告的正文部分，同樣要掌握充分占有材料， 要認(rèn)真對材料進行分析、 綜合、 整理，經(jīng)過概念、判斷、推理的邏輯組織，最后得出正確的觀點?？刹捎脠D表來集中反映數(shù)據(jù)，要注意少而精，數(shù)據(jù)必須準(zhǔn)確無誤。正文部分要層次清楚，觀點鮮明，邏輯性強，大標(biāo)題涵蓋小標(biāo)題，小標(biāo)題服務(wù)于到標(biāo)題，標(biāo)題統(tǒng)帥內(nèi)容，內(nèi)容說明標(biāo)題。
(1)課題、問題的提出? A、提出和研究的背景：現(xiàn)實背景、歷史背景。 B、提出和研究的依據(jù)：政策依據(jù);理論依據(jù);實踐依據(jù)。 C、問題的研究現(xiàn)狀：國內(nèi)的、國外的，省市縣內(nèi)外的研究的，單位研究現(xiàn)狀及問題點評，已取得了哪些成果?已進行了那些研究? D、問題研究的價值：理論價值;實踐價值;應(yīng)用價值;科學(xué)價值;改革價值。對解決教育實際問題(包括對本校、本地區(qū)的教育工作實際存在的問題)或回答教育理論問題有什么意義?對教育的改革和發(fā)展會有什么貢獻? E、問題研究的意義：現(xiàn)實意義;歷史意義;實踐意義;方法論意義。以上幾點要求做到：少而精;針對問題;能指導(dǎo)操作;表述簡明、準(zhǔn)確，有具體貫徹要點，涵蓋子課題，能理解把握。
(2)課題的界定：對課題題目的界定;對條件詞、關(guān)鍵詞的界定，包括內(nèi)涵與外延。
(3)改革的主張、研究設(shè)計。 A、研究的指導(dǎo)思想。指導(dǎo)思想就是在宏觀上應(yīng)堅持什么方向，符合什么要求，可以是哲學(xué)的、政治理論的，也可以是政府的教育發(fā)展規(guī)劃，也可以是有關(guān)研究問題的指導(dǎo)性意見等。 B、研究的具體目標(biāo)?？偰繕?biāo)、分目標(biāo)，目標(biāo)要實在，要可行。和內(nèi)容。課題研究的目標(biāo)也就是課題最后要達到的具體目的,要解決哪些具體問題，也就是本課題研究要達到的預(yù)定目標(biāo)：即本課題研究的目標(biāo)定位，確定目標(biāo)時要緊扣課題,用詞要準(zhǔn)確、精練、明了。相對于 目的和指導(dǎo)思想而言,研究目標(biāo)是比較具體的，不能籠統(tǒng)地講，必須清楚地寫出來。只有目標(biāo)明確而具體，才能知道工作的具體方向是什么，才知道研究的重點是什么，思路就不會被各種因素所干擾。 C、研究的具體內(nèi)容。內(nèi)容要緊扣課題的目標(biāo)來分解。 D、研究的方法、原則與策略：方法、原則與策略的理論支撐;方法、原則與策略的可操作性;方法、原則與策略的活動性。課題研究的方法：有觀察法、調(diào)查法、實驗法、經(jīng)驗總結(jié)法、個案法、比較研究法、文獻資料法等。確定研究方法時要敘述清楚“做些什么” 和“怎樣做” 。 E、課題研究的步驟。課題研究的步驟，也就是課題研究在時間和順序上的安排。研究的步驟要充分考慮研究內(nèi)容的相互關(guān)系和難易程度，一般情況下，都是從基礎(chǔ)問題開始，分階段進行，每個階段從什么時間開始，至什么時間結(jié)束都要有規(guī)定。課題研究的主要步驟和時間安排包括：整個研究擬分為哪幾個階段;各階段的起止時間;各階段要完成的研究目標(biāo)、任務(wù);各階段的主要研究步驟;本學(xué)期研究工作的日程安排等。 F、預(yù)測課題研究的成果及形式：本課題研究擬取得什么形式的階段研究成果和終結(jié)研究成果。如調(diào)查報告、實驗報告、研究報告、論文、經(jīng)驗總結(jié)、調(diào)查量表、測試量表、微機軟件、教學(xué)設(shè)計、錄像帶等。其中調(diào)查報告、研究報告、論文是課題研究成果最主要的表現(xiàn)形式。 G、有效的組織保障：課題研究的組織機構(gòu)和人員分工在方案中，要寫出課題組長、副組長、課題組成員以及分工。課題組組長就是本課題的負(fù)責(zé)人。一個課題組應(yīng)該包括三方面的人，一是有權(quán)之士，二是有識之士，三是有志之士。有權(quán)了課題就可以得到更多的支持，有識了課題質(zhì)量、水平就會更高，有志了可以不怕辛苦，踏踏實實踏實實去干。課題組的分工必須是要分得明確合理，爭取讓每個人了解自己工作和責(zé)任，不能吃大鍋飯。但是在分工的基礎(chǔ)上，也要注意全體人員的合作，大家共同研究，共同商討，克服研究過程中的各種困難和問題。 H、其他保障：如課題組活動時間;學(xué)習(xí)什么有關(guān)理論和知識，如何學(xué)習(xí)，要進行或參加哪些培訓(xùn);如何保證研究工作的正常進行;課題經(jīng)費的來源和籌集;如何爭取有關(guān)領(lǐng)導(dǎo)的支持和專家的指導(dǎo);如何與校外同行交流等。
6、簡短的結(jié)語。開題報告的結(jié)語要簡潔，可以對課題管理部門提希望，給研究人員提要求，可以表示課題組的態(tài)度和決心。
7、可以寫上引文注釋和參考文獻。撰寫開題報告時引用了他人的材料、數(shù)據(jù)、論點、文章要按要求注明出處。反映出課題組嚴(yán)肅的科學(xué)態(tài)度，體現(xiàn)出開題報告的科學(xué)依據(jù)，同時也是尊重他人勞動的體現(xiàn)?？梢允琼撃┳?腳注，在本頁文章的下端)、文末注(段落后或篇后 注) 、文內(nèi)注(行內(nèi)夾注)和書后注四種。 開題報告也可以有“致謝” 。對于曾經(jīng)指導(dǎo)、參加過選題、論證，或?qū)Υ斯ぷ魈峁┙ㄗh或便利條件，而又沒有在課題組的同志，可用簡短的文字表示感謝。開題會上，有關(guān)專家必須詳細(xì)審查開題報告，向研究者提問質(zhì)疑。但開題會不同于成果鑒定 會，更主要的應(yīng)該是完善方案。在確定研究有明顯價值的前提下， 論證雙方應(yīng)全力討論方案，提出意見和建議、修改補充方案。專家審查的內(nèi)容包括：
1、選題是否當(dāng)，是否符合立項條件;
2、課題論證是否充分;
3、負(fù)責(zé)人的素質(zhì)或水平是否能承擔(dān)此課題;
4、課題組力量如 何或分工是否得當(dāng);
5、資料準(zhǔn)備如何;
6、最終成果預(yù)測如何;
7、是否具備完成本課題所 需的其他條件;
8、經(jīng)過比較，本課題是否有更合適的承擔(dān)人;
9、其他原因(加以說明) 。
開題報告范文
剛開始的計算機動畫電影，主要采用程序設(shè)計的相關(guān)語言來編程制作，并且由于計算機技術(shù)和信息技術(shù)的不斷發(fā)展，這里是一篇計算機動畫在電影特技中的運用，接下來讓我們一起看看吧!
【摘要】計算機動畫是運用計算機圖形和圖像處理技術(shù)，借助于編程和相關(guān)軟件得到的景物畫面，它在電影的特效制作上面，發(fā)揮著重要作用。本文首先介紹了計算機動畫技術(shù)的相關(guān)軟件和它們的高級語言二次開發(fā)，然后介紹了虛擬場景創(chuàng)建、動力仿真和后期合成三個計算機動畫在電影特效中的主要應(yīng)用，最后分析了計算機動畫技術(shù)對電影市場的影響。希望本文的研究，能夠?qū)ξ覈娪爸谱魇聵I(yè)的發(fā)展，做出力所能及的貢獻。
【關(guān)鍵詞】計算機動畫技術(shù);軟件;應(yīng)用;影響
1.計算機動畫技術(shù)
剛開始的計算機動畫電影，主要采用程序設(shè)計的相關(guān)語言來編程制作，并且由于計算機技術(shù)和信息技術(shù)的不斷發(fā)展，系統(tǒng)操作平臺的友好度相比以前已經(jīng)有了極大的提高。整個特效電影的制作過程中，幾乎不再需要計算機專家的參與，只要相關(guān)工作人員能夠熟練掌握計算機動畫軟件即可?？梢哉f，計算機動畫技術(shù)的應(yīng)用，在特效電影制作過程中的人力、物力和財力的節(jié)約上發(fā)揮了重要作用?，F(xiàn)在，計算機動畫技術(shù)已經(jīng)成為特效電影制作的主要途徑，大多數(shù)操作都可以通過計算機動畫軟件直接實現(xiàn)，部分更高要求的操作，也可以通過高級語言二次開發(fā)來實現(xiàn)。
1.1 相關(guān)軟件
根據(jù)電影特效制作方式的不同，其特效主要包含三維特效和后期特效兩大類。一部好的特效電影，往往是通過這兩種特效方式的良好結(jié)合實現(xiàn)的?，F(xiàn)在，應(yīng)用最為廣泛的三維特效軟件主要是Autodesk公司的3ds Max。這款軟件能夠?qū)崿F(xiàn)三維建模、動畫制作和渲染等功能，并且由于采用了內(nèi)部按鈕設(shè)計，所有的操作都能通過界面上的按鈕來進行。3ds Max在三維特效的制作中，表現(xiàn)出的優(yōu)點是相當(dāng)明顯的，由它做出的特效，物體質(zhì)感強烈，并且在光線、陰影、鏡像和色彩等方面，都無可挑剔，因此，它被廣泛應(yīng)用與視覺設(shè)計、動畫、影視等行業(yè)。
另一款軟件是Side Effects Software，它同樣是一款非常強大的特效軟件，像《指環(huán)王》、《后天》這些好萊塢一線大片的特效制作，均有這款特效軟件的參與。
此外，在合成特效方面，Adobe公司的After Effects也是被業(yè)內(nèi)應(yīng)用得極為廣泛的后期合成軟件。它主要應(yīng)用于高端視頻編輯系統(tǒng)的專業(yè)非線性編輯。After Effects的使用，使得視頻編輯合成達到了一個更高的水準(zhǔn)。并且由于該軟件兼容的特效插件較多，因此特效制作的能力進一步增強了不少。比如，使用After Effects進行后期合成，能夠很方便地制作出縹緲、爆炸等特效。
1.2 通過高級語言二次開發(fā)
電影特效制作作為交叉學(xué)科之一，它的不僅涉及到電影藝術(shù)，也涉及到了計算機技術(shù)，比如不少電影特效就能夠采用相關(guān)軟件進行的高級語言二次開發(fā)來完成。Maya作為一款電影高端制作軟件，具有功能完善，制作效率高，特效真實感強烈等優(yōu)點，而它之所以能夠在世界范圍被廣泛應(yīng)用，很大部分理由就是因為它可以通過開發(fā)相關(guān)插件和編寫MEL腳本來進行廣泛定制。它的這種可以二次開發(fā)的特性，在三維特效的制作過程中發(fā)揮了重要作用。此外，基于虛擬現(xiàn)實軟件VRML，GeoVRML或開放圖形程序庫OpenGL， Direct3D等高質(zhì)量的3D圖形開發(fā)平臺，在高級語言C++、VB、C#中編程實現(xiàn)三維建模、幾何變換、色彩、紋理、三維地形以及在場景中漫游。而在Maya基礎(chǔ)之上開發(fā)的插件，主要用在細(xì)節(jié)步驟的處理上面，通常這些小小的插件，就能在整個電影特效的制作過程中發(fā)揮事半功倍的效果。
2.計算機動畫在電影特技中的應(yīng)用
2.1 虛擬場景的創(chuàng)建
在整部電影的制作中，難免會有一些鏡頭的拍攝和場景的拍攝成本較大，或者危險性較高，甚至現(xiàn)實中難以完成拍攝。比如一些災(zāi)難性的電影，那些宏大的災(zāi)難場景幾乎都需要通過計算機技術(shù)來完成。而通過計算機技術(shù)完成電影特效的整個過程中，虛擬場景的模型創(chuàng)建往往是第一步。在模型的創(chuàng)建過程里，往往是把現(xiàn)實世界作為基礎(chǔ)，然后根據(jù)要拍攝的電影的劇情特點、角色設(shè)置等，通過相關(guān)軟件和計算機技術(shù)的應(yīng)用來完成模型數(shù)據(jù)的創(chuàng)建。
2.2 動力仿真
粒子是動力學(xué)的組成部分之一，而動力學(xué)作為物理學(xué)的分支，主要用于表達物理世界中物體的運用方式。動力仿真是電影特效制作的重要部分，其操作則組要是通過相關(guān)軟件的粒子系統(tǒng)來實現(xiàn)。比如Maya就擁有相當(dāng)強大的粒子系統(tǒng)，并且有著非常全面的參數(shù)設(shè)置，使得操作者能夠根據(jù)需要創(chuàng)建模型的不同，來定義不同形態(tài)的粒子，同時也提高了粒子系統(tǒng)的靈活性和藝術(shù)性。粒子系統(tǒng)一般用于動態(tài)效果的表現(xiàn)之上，主要跟時間、速度這兩大因素有關(guān)，被用于創(chuàng)建一些電影中需要的抽象效果。可以說，電影特效制作中動力學(xué)系統(tǒng)的應(yīng)用，使得一些傳統(tǒng)關(guān)鍵幀技術(shù)難以實現(xiàn)的真實效果能夠得以實現(xiàn)。比如一個物體掉落在地面上，碎塊之間相互碰撞這一效果的實現(xiàn)，就可以將物體轉(zhuǎn)化為剛體模型，這樣就能使這一剛體模型參與后續(xù)一系列的動力學(xué)解算，從而實現(xiàn)仿真的運動。比如《2012》中建筑物崩塌場景的實現(xiàn)，就只需要將建筑物作為一個剛體，然后通過相關(guān)的動力學(xué)計算，得到組成建筑物的每一個部分破壞的時間順序和各自崩落后的運動軌跡、落到地面的揚塵效果等。
2.3 后期合成特效
后期合成主要是指將一些已經(jīng)完成的電影素材，通過再加工處理，組合到一起，實現(xiàn)一些演員無法真實拍攝的效果。后期合成之前，演員先站在藍(lán)色或者綠色背景前進行拍攝，拍攝完成后，技術(shù)人員再通過軟件將背景摳除，并使用計算機圖形處理技術(shù)將得到的拍攝素材合成到一起，達到一種真實的效果。比如，電影《阿甘正傳》中，阿甘與總統(tǒng)握手的場景就是運用后期合成來實現(xiàn)的。當(dāng)然，除了畫面，聲音的合成也是電影后期合成中的重要一環(huán)，它的運用往往可以達到讓觀眾無法判斷影片中的配樂是真實演奏還是電子合成的效果。
3.計算機動畫技術(shù)對電影市場的影響
計算機動畫技術(shù)的應(yīng)用，大大提高了整個電影制作行業(yè)的創(chuàng)意水平，它讓電影的場景更加逼真。尤其是近年來三維特效技術(shù)的飛速發(fā)展，更是讓編劇和導(dǎo)演的想象力大幅提高，特效電影的制作量有了明顯提升，有統(tǒng)計顯示，采用計算機動畫特效的實景影片2011年占所有主要影院實景影片總體錄像營業(yè)收入的45.4%，大大高于2001年時的26.8%。在好萊塢，使用了電影特效的電影所占份額更是高達80%以上，可以說，最賣座的電影中，均有計算機動畫技術(shù)制作的特效參與，它們的賣座，也讓參與制作的特效公司獲得了高額利潤，比如制作過《變形金剛》《哈里波特》等大片的好萊塢特效公司年營業(yè)額都超過1億美元。并且，計算機動畫技術(shù)的出現(xiàn)，也為廣大的影視從業(yè)者帶來了一種全心的創(chuàng)作途徑，為電影的制作增加了一種獨特的藝術(shù)形式?？梢哉f，計算機動畫技術(shù)和電影特效制作是相輔相成的，而計算機動畫技術(shù)與電影特效制作的有機結(jié)合也是未來的必定趨勢。
The opening report, subject meaning and function Opening report, that is, when the subject direction was determined, research project on the basis of investigation and study to write the report to the approval of the selected topic plan. It mainly shows that the subject should be studied, they have a condition to study and how to open exhibition, also can saying is the subject of design. Opening report is an important link in improve the quality and level subject. Second, the structure and writing the opening report Opening report mainly includes the following aspects: (a) project name (2) the research purpose and meaning (3) the domestic and foreign research present situation, level and development trend. Is this topic any study, at what level, what deficiencies and to what direction, etc. Opening report writing these content on the one hand can prove this topic research status and value, on the other hand, this research also suggests that research personnel have good grasp. Any scientific research, we must be a clear understanding of the current research status of the problem, this in the first part is about. (4) research theory basis. We are now the subject are basically applied research and development, which requires our research must have some of the basic theoretical basis to ensure the scientific nature of the study. For example: we want activity experiments, we must study in curriculum theory, psychology theory, education psychology theory as the study of theoretical basis. Our innovative teaching mode of experiment, it has to be on the theory of teaching theory, and the theory of education experimental basis. The main research contents, methods (5) subject (6) research work steps (7) the composition of project participants and expertise. Basically see the overall quality and level of participants, especially the level of the research project. If the participant and principal no theory and practical experience, this task cannot be completed well, also cannot be approved. (8) the existing basis. Main www.xiexiebang.com www.xiexiebang.com www.xiexiebang.com is personnel and material basis. Many subjects of personnel and equipment demand is higher, if none of the conditions of basic research, the subject can't. (9) budget estimate. In what way is subject to use money, with how many money, how to management, etc. How to write the education scientific research subject of the opening report One, the opening report Opening report is subject direction was determined, research project or task group host grinds written on the basis of investigation and study report to the approval of selected topic, the research plan. It mainly shows that the subject should be studied, their conditional study, prepared to such problems as how to conduct research, is the subject of argumentation and redesign again. Second, the role of the opening report. Further research thought clear, improve the implementation plan, clear the technical line, once again demonstrated significant step research topic. Third, the main content of the opening report argument 1, the authorized subject name. One is whether name suggests is accurate, specifications. Accurate name is subject to research what is the problem, research object is clear. Specification is used in the words and sentence patterns to standard, scientific, specious word cannot be used, sloganeering, conclusion of the sentence pattern do not use. 2 depends on whether the name is concise, not too long, can the words don't just try not to, such as: "the application of information technology to build a high school geography teaching practice of middle school students' autonomous learning research"www.xiexiebang.com www.xmtfs.net, "high school English listening to read under the network environment teaching to improve students' cultural quality and the impact of learning strategies to form", "with the aid of information technology, change study way", "effective application of information technology, accelerate the development of the teachers and students happy". 2, looking for the research basis. Policy basis, theoretical basis and practice basis, fully, relevant, accurate, label, la banner, don't shout slogans. 3, analyze the research background, realistic background, historical background to clear, practical. 4, the research present situation and problems of research status, the unit was found review; The domestic research status; The research status of abroad. 'book inspection and inspection method. 5, demonstration, research value, theory of value; Practical value; Application value; Scientific value; Reform of the value. 6, in this paper, the research significance, practical significance; Historic; There are practical significance; A methodology. 7, defining the core concepts. Is the keyword, correlative concept, meaning, essence, contact. 8, perfecting the research design. Determine the research program; Put forward the research hypothesis; Determine the research goals. The measures are put forward; To carry out the research contents; Provides research methods; Divide the research phase; To carry out the researchers; Prediction research achievement effect; Establishing study organization; Planning research management; Analysis of the guarantee of planning study. Four, opening method is given priority to with comprehensive evaluation It is a subject unit self argument evaluation; 2 it is peer evaluation of argument; 3 it is argument evaluation of scientific research management department. By investigating, preliminary examination and academic evaluation, comprehensive evaluation of four stages. Pretrial and trial can be carried out before and after the opening time. Mainly focus on the topic selection and the process of making the project. The academic review and comprehensive review to throughout the course of research, focus on expectations of appraisal on plan implementation and results. Five, the opening report writing (a) of the opening report. Three main parts: preface, text and epilogue; Three secondary parts: title, name, annotation and reference citation. (2) the structure of the opening report writing. 1, the subject name. The subject must be consistent with the content. Exactly, to the point, specific, distinct, concise, eye-catching. Opening report generally does not use subheadings. 2, signed. Under the title, must be signed research unit, generally don't write author name. The purpose of signature is responsible for the opening report said. 3, opening report can not write abstract and key words. 4, preface. The preface is the prologue of opening report. Introduction should be generally clear topic topic selection, formulation, approval process, as well as the preparation before opening, the causes and the opening, the opening, opening the investigation in the work, etc. Should strive to simple, straightforward, and seeking truth from facts, to open, straight into the theme. Don't trying, irrelevant, irrelevant; Or to my check, but it will leave no room for manoeuvre. 5, the body. The body part of the opening report main pages of the report, it is the body of the report. Body part again the content of the argument must be thoroughly discussed and demonstrated, including research before the observation, test, investigation, analysis, study, material form the point of view and theory. Such as the problem of investigation, the present situation and essence, causes of problems and its development trend. The text part is a key part of the opening report, it embodies the level of the project group, at the same time also can see the future state of the research and level. Write the body part of the opening report, also want to have full possession of material, carefully on the material, sorting, analysis, synthesis through concept, judgment, reasoning logical organization, finally it is concluded that the correct point of view. Can use charts to concentrated reflection data, attention should be paid to fewer but better, data must be accurate. Body to hierarchy clear, bright, strong logicality, headline covers headings, subheadings serve to the title, title commander in chief content, content description title. (1) of the subject,? A, put forward and the research background, realistic background, historical background. B, put forward and the research on the basis of: the policy basis; The theory basis; On the basis of practice. C, the research status quo of the problem: the domestic and abroad, the research of inside and outside the provinces, cities and counties, unit study reviews the present situation and the existing problems, which has made achievements? Has conducted the research? Value: D, study on the theory of value; Practical value; Application value; Scientific value; Reform of the value. To solve the problem of education practice (including for the school, education work in the region of the actual problems) or answer education theory question what is the point? Contribution to education reform and development will be a what? E, significance of the research: the practical significance; Historical significance; Practical significance; Methodology. The above required: fewer but better; Aimed at the problem; Can guide operation; Statement concise, accurate, specific implementation points, cover the corpus, can understand. (2) the definition of project: the project definition of subject; Definition of the conditional word, keywords, including the connotation and denotation. (3) the idea of reform, the research design. A, the guiding ideology. Guiding ideology is what should adhere to the direction in the macro, conforms to the requirements, can be philosophical, political theory, also can be the government's education development planning, guidance may also be related to the research problem, etc. B, the research of specific objectives. General objective, target, the target to reality, to be feasible. And content. Research goal and final to achieve the specific purpose, subject is what specific problem to solve, also is this topic research to achieve the intended target: namely this topic research goal orientation, to stick to subject, target words to be accurate, concise, clear. Relative to the purpose and the guiding ideology, the research goal is more specific, cannot speak in general, must be clearly written. Only specific goals and specific, can know what is the specific direction of work, just know what is the focus of the study, thinking will not interference by various factors. The specific content of C, research. Content should be closely related to the goal of subject to decomposition. D, research method, principle and strategy: methods, principles and strategies of theoretical support; Methods, principles and strategies of maneuverability; Methods, principles and strategy of active. Research methods: a method of observation, investigation method, experimental method, experience method, case method, comparative method, literature material method, etc. Determine the narrative research method is to make sure that the "what" and "how to do". E, the steps of the thesis. The steps of the thesis, that is, the arrangement of the research on the time and sequence. Steps in the research of the relationship, we must give full consideration to the research content and ease, in general, starts from the basic problem, in stages, each stage from what time to start, until the end of what time has a regulation. The main steps of the thesis and schedule including: which studied in the paper is divided into several stages. The time of beginning and ending each stage; To be completed for each stage of research objectives, tasks; Each phase of the main research steps; This semester's work schedule, etc. F, forecasting research achievements and form: this research intends to achieve what kind of stage research results and put an end to the research results. Such as survey, experiment reports, research reports, papers, experience summary, the survey scale, test scale, computer software, teaching design, video, etc. The survey report, research report, the paper is the research results of the main form of expression. G, effective organization safeguard, the organization of the thesis and personnel division of labor in the scheme, to write a project leader, deputy team leader, team members and division of labor. In charge of the team leader is to this topic. A team should include three aspects, one is entitled to, two is a man of insight, three is a person with lofty ideals. Shall have the right to the subject can get more support, knowledge and the level of subject quality, will be higher, to the can not afraid of hard work, steadfast steady real to do. Group of division of labor to segment must be clear and reasonable, to let everyone know their own work and responsibility, cannot eat pot. But on the basis of division of labor, also should pay attention to staff's cooperation, common study, discuss, overcome various difficulties and problems in the process of research. H, other security: such as group activities; Learn about the theory and knowledge, how to learn, want to undertake or participate in what training; How to ensure the normal conduct of research. The source of the project funds and raise; How to win support from the relevant leaders and experts to guide; How to communicate with external counterparts, etc. 6, a brief conclusion. The conclusion of the opening report should be concise, can hope to project management department, gave the researchers request, can represent the attitude of the team and determination. 7, can write the citation annotations and references. Quoted from others in writing the opening report of the material, data, argument, articles should indicate the source as required. Reflects a serious scientific attitude, reflects the opening report of scientific basis, but also respect the labor of others. Can be a note at the end of the page (footnote, on the lower end of the article on this page), at the end of the article (for backward or after Note), note (inline interlinear notes) and book four. Opening report can also be "thank you". For once instructed, participated in the selected topic, argument, or provide Suggestions or convenient conditions to the job, and no comrade in the team, available thanks brief words. Opening the meeting, experts have to scrutiny opening report, ask the question. But the opening will be different Yu Chengguo appraisal, mainly should be a perfect solution. Has significant value in determining the research under the premise of argument on both sides to discuss plan, put forward opinions and Suggestions, modify, supplement. Expert review content includes: 1, the topic whether when, whether meet the requirements for the project; 2, subject argument whether fully; 3, the head of the quality or level could undertake this task; 4, team strength such as how or whether the division of labor is proper; 5, how data preparation; 6, final results predict how; 7, if you have completed this topic to the other conditions; 8, through comparison, this topic whether people who are more suitable to undertake; 9, for other reasons (explained). Opening report model essay First computer animated films, mainly USES the programming language is related to programming, and due to the continuous development of computer technology and information technology, there is a computer application of animation in the movie stunt, let us see together! 【 abstract 】 the computer animation is using computer graphics and image processing technology, with the help of the programming and related software to get scene images, it above the effects of the movie, play an important role. This paper first introduces the related software and computer animation technology to their senior secondary development language, and then introduces the virtual scene creating, dynamic simulation and synthesis of late three computer animation is mainly used in special effects, and finally analyzes the computer animation technology's influence on the film market. Hope that this article research, to the development of film production in our country, make its contribution. 【 key words 】 the computer animation technology; Software; Application; impact 1. Computer animation technology First computer animated films, mainly USES the programming language is related to programming, and due to the continuous development of computer technology and information technology, system operation platform, friendly degrees than ever before has been greatly improved. The special effects film production process, is almost no longer require the participation of computer experts, as long as the relevant personnel mastering computer animation software. Can say, the application of the computer animation technology, in the special effects of human, material and financial resources in the process of filmmaking has played an important role in saving. Now, computer animation technology has become a main way of special effects movie production, most of the operations can be implemented directly by computer animation software, some higher requirements of operation, can also be done by high-level language secondary development. 1.1 related software According to the different methods of film special effects production, its effects mainly include two categories: 3 d effects and postproduction. A good special effects film, is often accomplished by good combination of these two kinds of special way. Now, the most widely used 3 d special effects software mainly Autodesk 3 ds Max. This software can realize 3 d modeling, animation and rendering, and other functions, and the adoption of internal button design, all operations can be through the interface button. 3 ds Max in the 3 d special effects production, show that the advantages are quite obvious, made by its special effects, object simple sense is strong, and in the light and shadow, image and color and so on, are faultless, therefore, it is widely used and visual design, animation, film and television industries. Another Software is Side Effects Software, it is also a very powerful Effects Software, such as "Lord of the rings", "the day after tomorrow" a Hollywood production line of large Effects, are involved in this special Software. In addition, the synthesis, special Effects of Adobe After Effects are also very widely used in the software industry. It is mainly used in high-end professional non-linear editing video editing system. The use of After Effects, make video editing synthetic reached a higher level. And because of this software is compatible with the special effects plug-ins is more, so the special ability to make a lot of enhancement. For late synthesis using After Effects, for example, can easily make the ethereal, explosion and other special Effects. 1.2 through the secondary development in a high-level language Special effects production, as one of the cross subject, it not only involves the film art, also involves computer technology, such as a lot of special effects will be able to use relevant software for secondary development to complete in a high-level language. Maya as a high-end film production software, has the perfect functions, high production efficiency, special advantages of strong sense of reality, and it can widely used around the world, a large part of the reason is because it can by developing relevant plug-ins and write MEL scripts to conduct extensive customization. It can the characteristics of the secondary development, the 3 d effects play an important role in the process of making. In addition, based on VRML, virtual reality software both GeoVRML or open graphics library OpenGL and Direct3D high quality 3 d graphics development platform, programming in a high-level language c + +, VB, c # realize 3 d modeling, geometry transformation, color, texture, three-dimensional terrain and roaming in the scene. And developed based on Maya plug-in, mainly used in the processing steps in detail above, these small plug-ins, usually can in the production process of the whole movie special effects play a twice the result with half the effort. 2. The applications of computer animation in the movie stunt 2.1 the creation of a virtual scene In the whole movie production, hard to avoid can have some of the lens and scenes shooting cost is larger, or high risk, and even hard to finish filming in reality. Some disastrous film, for example, almost all of the big disaster scenarios need to be finished by computer technology. And through the computer technology to complete the whole process of special effects, virtual scene model creation, often is the first step. In the creation process of the model, often is the real world as a foundation, and then according to the film plot characteristics, role Settings, and so on, through the application of the related software and computer technology to complete the creation of a model data. 2.2 dynamic simulation Kinetics of particles is one of the most dynamic part of, and as the branch of physics that is mainly used to express the use of objects in the physical world. Dynamic simulation is an important part of film special effects production, its operating group if done by software of particle system. Such as Maya has quite a powerful particle system, and has a very comprehensive parameter Settings, allowing the operator to depending on the need to create a model, to define the different forms of particles, but also improve the flexibility and artistry of particle system. Particle systems are used for the effects of dynamic performance, mainly related to time, speed, these two factors, is used to create some need the abstraction in the movie. , so to speak, film special effects production, the application of dynamic system makes it hard for some traditional key frame technology to realize the real effect can be realized. Such as an object fell on the ground, debris collision between the realization of this effect, it can be an object into a rigid body model, so you can make a model to participate in the follow-up of a series of rigid body dynamics, so as to realize the simulation of the movement. Such as "2012," the implementation of the building collapsed in the scene, just the buildings as a rigid body, and then the results of kinetics calculation of relevant for building every part of the damage of time sequence and trajectory after their collapsed and fell to the dust of the ground effect, etc. 2.3 late synthesis effects Synthesis is mainly refers to some late completed film material, through processing, together, some actors can not real effect. Before late synthesis, actor standing in front of a blue or green background, after completion of shooting, and technical personnel through the software will dig in addition to the background, and use of computer image processing technology will get material to synthesize together, to achieve a real effect. For example, in the movie forrest gump, forrest gump to shake hands with the President of the scene is late synthesis are used to realize. Of course, in addition to the picture, the synthesis of sound is also an important component of the late film synthesis it used often to let the audience could not judge in the movie soundtrack play or electronic synthetic effect is real. 3. The computer animation technology's influence on the film market The application of the computer animation technology, greatly improving the creative level of the entire film industry, it makes the film more realistic scenarios. Especially in recent years the rapid development of 3 d special effects technology, is to let a writer and director's imagination sharply higher, the special effects film production quantity have improved significantly, there are statistics show that by using the computer animation effects of live-action film in 2011 accounted for all the major theaters live-action film overall video business income of 45.4%, compared with 26.8% in 2001. In Hollywood, the use of the special effects of film accounted for more than 80% more, it can be said that the highest-grossing movie, are made of special effects involved in computer animation technology, their distribution, also let participate in making special effects company won the high profits, such as making a "transformers" harry potter "movies in Hollywood special effects company annual turnover of more than $100 million. And, the emergence of computer animation technology, also for the majority of the film and television practitioners brought a creative way, with all my heart, for film production increased a unique art form. Computer animation techniques and special effects, so to speak, is complementary to each other, and the combination of computer technology and special effects animation is also a trend of the future must be.
第二篇：開題報告
一、畢業(yè)設(shè)計（論文）課題來源
這次畢業(yè)設(shè)計的課題是根據(jù)自己的專業(yè)所長和自己的興趣選定的，屬于設(shè)計繪圖類題目，在江祖勇老師的指導(dǎo)下進行，課題屬于開發(fā)設(shè)計型。
二、選題的目的及意義
印刷工藝過程是借助印刷壓力將涂布在印版上的油墨轉(zhuǎn)移到印張上的過程。作為傳遞油墨和涂布油墨的著墨裝置，無論對哪種印刷機都是不可缺少的重要組成部分。為了獲得清晰的印品，油墨涂布要適量、均勻，沒有性能良好、工作正常、結(jié)構(gòu)合理的著墨裝置，任何印刷機都不能印出令人滿意的印品。
三、本課題在國內(nèi)外的研究狀況及發(fā)展趨勢
在早期的膠印機上不存在完整的供墨系統(tǒng)，由人工方式向版面提供和補充油墨，隨著膠印機的不斷改善，供墨系統(tǒng)從無到有，并發(fā)展到今天的自動化程度，成為膠印機上不可缺少的組成部分。目前的目標(biāo)是在一些基本技術(shù)上取得突破，具體是：
控制方式的智能化，在高速膠印機上研發(fā)遠(yuǎn)程診斷功能。()提供遠(yuǎn)程服務(wù)與工作流程，針對具體機器的故障點設(shè)計系統(tǒng)解決方案；
設(shè)備功能多元化，在大環(huán)境的變革下多元化、彈性化，且具有多種切換功能的包裝印刷設(shè)備，才能不斷滿足市場的需求；
結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化、模塊化，利用原有機型模塊化設(shè)計，可在短時間內(nèi)轉(zhuǎn)換新機型；機構(gòu)運動高精度化，通過應(yīng)用馬達、編碼器及數(shù)字控制（NC）、動力負(fù)載控制（PLC）等高精度控制器來完成，并適當(dāng)做好產(chǎn)品延伸，朝高科技產(chǎn)品的方向進行研發(fā)；
無軸傳動技術(shù)。用“電子齒輪”代替?zhèn)鹘y(tǒng)的機械齒輪，去掉傳動軸，其優(yōu)點在于避免由于傳動軸的扭曲以及齒輪間隙對印刷機張力及套印造成的影響，可實現(xiàn)更高程度的同步運轉(zhuǎn)，真正實現(xiàn)印刷機組模塊化；
針對特殊應(yīng)用的混合技術(shù)和通過連線生產(chǎn)增加附加值；為了適應(yīng)上述發(fā)展，輸墨機構(gòu)也必須同步發(fā)展。輸墨系統(tǒng)是技術(shù)上極其難于解決的復(fù)雜部分。
每一種膠印機的發(fā)展其主要內(nèi)容是設(shè)計著墨系統(tǒng)，傳墨系統(tǒng)最好能滿足一下要求：在印刷紙張縱向與橫向上獲得高度均勻的油墨層快速的調(diào)節(jié)敏感性各個分色圖像油墨層之間的分裂要小，也就是對分裂影響的低敏感性對油墨和濕潤溶液的數(shù)量具有大范圍的控制變量滿足經(jīng)濟效益要求等。
四、本課題主要研究內(nèi)容
1、畢業(yè)設(shè)計內(nèi)容
根據(jù)印刷工藝原理及印刷機操作程序的要求，膠印機必須把油墨均勻地適量地傳給印版表面，并根據(jù)需要進行離墨和著墨。為此本設(shè)計要求采用合適的機構(gòu)來完成離墨動作，選擇適當(dāng)?shù)闹珪r間參數(shù)。
設(shè)計內(nèi)容
（1）分析膠印機的著墨工作過程，選擇合適的時間參數(shù)；
（2）選擇合適的驅(qū)動機構(gòu)；
（3）根據(jù)結(jié)構(gòu)選擇合理的結(jié)構(gòu)參數(shù)；
（4）設(shè)計著墨詳細(xì)結(jié)構(gòu)；
2、主要參數(shù)
最高印刷速度：10000/小時；
最大紙張尺寸（mm）：750*520；
最小紙張尺寸（mm）：285*200。
五、完成論文的條件和擬采用的研究手段（途徑）
1、通過搜索相關(guān)的中外文資料，了解著墨機構(gòu)的現(xiàn)狀及其發(fā)展趨勢，撰寫綜述；閱讀并翻譯外文資料，并借助查閱相關(guān)的專業(yè)文獻完成開題報告。
2、通過在自主學(xué)習(xí)并在指導(dǎo)老師的指點和引導(dǎo)下，形成自己的設(shè)計思想，確定設(shè)計方案，完成設(shè)計計算，繪制三維機構(gòu)，并完成著墨機構(gòu)的電子圖稿。
六、本課題進度安排、各階段預(yù)期達到的目標(biāo)：
第1―5周：調(diào)研、收集資料，擇寫綜述，閱讀、翻譯外文資料，對著墨機構(gòu)動作分析，確定著墨、離墨時間，對結(jié)構(gòu)類型進行分析，選擇合適機構(gòu)，并確定合適的參數(shù)時間，設(shè)計計算，完成開題報告。
第6―7周：設(shè)計結(jié)構(gòu)，校核。
第8―12周：繪制三維機構(gòu)。
第13周：在計算機上對所有設(shè)計機構(gòu)進行修改和調(diào)整。
第14周：根據(jù)三維圖繪制工程圖。
第15周：編寫設(shè)計說明書。
第16周：編寫設(shè)計說明書，編寫PowerPoint電子課件。
第17周：編寫PowerPoint電子課件，總結(jié)、答辯。
七、指導(dǎo)教師意見
對本課題的深度、廣度及工作量的意見和對設(shè)計（論文）結(jié)果的預(yù)測：
指導(dǎo)教師：
八、所在專業(yè)審查意見
負(fù)責(zé)人：
返回目錄>>>
